Abstract: Introducing the latest technologies in lighting and innovations in lighting performance to help provide efficient lighting systems and save energy.
1 Overview
A few years ago, a chairman of the North American Lighting Association (IESNA) put forward his own views on the future of lighting systems in the next two decades. He predicted that the future lighting system would be easily adaptable to changes in user needs and fully integrated. The system, not a combination of a number of separate components.
Today, exciting new lighting technologies are being developed, making the prospects that the chairman expects to become a reality, let us focus on some of the new technologies, such as solid-state electronics, optical systems, communications and control technology.
2 Application of ballast coefficient (BF)
Currently, T8 straight tube fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts are widely used. The electronic ballast uses solid-state electronic devices, which can rectify the input current of 60 Hz and then convert it into a high-frequency current of 2000-6000 Hz by the inverter, which ignites the fluorescent tube. Arc flow with high frequency currents results in activation of more fluorescent (phosphorus) powder, providing more light output.
One of the greatest advantages of using an electronic ballast is to fully consider the effect of the ballast coefficient (BF). Although the concept of BF is not used in the application of electromagnetic ballasts. The ballast factor (BF) is the ratio of the light output of a commercial ballast to a reference ballast with a BF of 1.
Then, replace the T12 fluorescent tube with a T8 fluorescent tube (the number of lamps and lamps is the same), and when the BF is 0.88, the equivalent light output can be provided.
At the same time, when the illumination of the illumination system is too low, or in order to reduce the number of lamps in the arrangement of the straight tube fluorescent lamps, the ballast coefficient BF is 1.2. In this case, the fluorescent tube can provide 30% more light due to the higher BF coefficient. This is like installing a four-sleeve vaporizer on a gasoline engine that emits more energy than the original two-casing vaporizer. The use of a high BF value (1.2) eliminates the need for over-excitation of fluorescent tubes.
3 Requirements exceed the performance of HID (high intensity discharge) lamps
The performance of the T8 tube and electronic ballast lighting system has been improved to replace the HID lamp. In general, HID luminaires are used in tall warehouses to control the light and the lumens of the tubes are high. However, the T8 fluorescent tube has a longer use time than the metal halide (M-H), and has less glare in the open type lamp, has better lumen maintenance characteristics, better color rendering, and turns on the light. The response is faster.
A metal halide lamp (M-H) was replaced with an energy-efficient T8 fluorescent tube in a warehouse in the northeastern United States. In a narrow corridor of the warehouse, a white parabolic direct/indirect 8-foot industrial lamp was used. Arranged at a 16-foot pitch, providing an average maintenance illumination of 5fc (fc: foot-candle, 1fc = 10.76lx, editor's note) (vertical) with a maximum ratio of 12:1. Four F32T8XL/835 lamps in a single luminaire can be ignited with a momentarily activated electronic ballast. When the corridor is in use, the passive infrared light sensor can turn off 80% of the fixtures in the corridor when no one is using it.
In bulk storage and loading spaces, nine 12-foot long fluorescent lamps are placed at a centerline of 26 x 17 feet to provide 20fc horizontal illumination.
This lighting solution costs $70,000 and takes about two years to recover the investment.
4 Continuous improvement of performance HID tube
HID lamps still maintain their high performance. In particular, the latest Pulse Trigger (PS) series of metal halide lamps (M-H) improve the lighting performance of standard metal halide lamps (M-H) and can replace the outdated high pressure sodium lamp system.
The new pulse-trigger (PS) type lamp with a rated power of 35 to 700 W does not require a trigger electrode in the arc tube. The luminous efficiency of the PS tube is increased to 110 lm/W, the lamp maintenance is improved by about 80%, the color of the light is still consistent, and the time for preheating and reigniting the lamp can be shortened by about 50%.
The 360W PS lamp (31500lm) with a higher average lumen value has better luminosity than the 400W standard lamp (28800 lm) with a lower average lumen value. If a warehouse lighting requires 400 400W standard M-H lamps/ballasts, if you use a new 360W PS tube/ballast, you only need to configure 360 ​​fixtures.
5 Optical waveguide technology improves visual comfort
Nowadays, in many industrial applications, semi-refractive prism sheets are mounted in suspended fluorescent lighting fixtures. Light rays from the linear light source are distributed along the length of the sheet. A portion of the light transmitted on the sheet is controlled to pass through the sheet to provide uniform, uniform illumination.
After more than 20 years of hard work, the office's lighting goal has eliminated the direct glare of the light source and prevented the light curtain reflection on the cathode ray tube (CRT) display, because the slightly raised CRT screen is almost vertical, it reflects Reflecting glare from the lamps behind the workers. Therefore, fluorescent lamps are now designed to cover the tube with a deep diffusing grid or to use suspended non-direct lamps.
Of course, the second generation personal computer is a full-flat screen display with a liquid crystal display (LCD). The full-flat screen is tilted back by about 15° to 30° with respect to the vertical line. And often lower than the plane of the eye. Fluorescent lamps with diffusing grids now have the highest light intensity. Undesirable glare can occur when viewing a tilted flat panel display.
A newly designed luminaire solves this problem by carefully controlling the portion of the light that is directed downward. Since the cross section of the luminaire is thin, there are two 54W T5HO fluorescent tubes in the luminaire, and light is projected from both sides of an acrylic plastic plate.
A semi-refractive sheet on the underside of the acrylic sheet conveys a uniform low glare and illuminates downward. 24% of the lumens are illuminated downwards, and the rest of the lumens are projected upwards. By using the brightness of the ceiling to balance the brightness of the acrylic sheet, the fixture avoids unwanted reflections or shadows on the flat screen of a liquid crystal display (LCD).
6 Fiber optic lighting expands the range of applications
Let us focus again on another optical "waveguide" technique. Although the entire fiber optic market accounts for less than 1% of the lighting industry, it is a technology that continues to attract the attention of visitors at the annual US Lighting Fair. This is especially true for locations that are inconvenient to use with conventional lights, such as places that are difficult to access or where there is a liability issue, and it is advantageous to use a fiber optic illumination system.
The most exciting new developments in lighting fixtures include new reflectors and lenses for terminal-emitting fibers. Lighting designers and contractors agree that it is difficult to simply select a lighting catalog and select the fixtures to assemble the kit.
7 Lighting control
In modern buildings, it is common to use timers, sensors, or light sensitive elements to implement automatic lighting control functions. Various building automation systems (especially direct digital control systems) are used to trigger the lighting circuits and contactors.
Many lighting system manufacturers are working online to create limited interoperability between their proprietary systems and open protocol DDC networks.
Low-voltage twisted-pair lines are the most versatile transmission medium in DDC networks, but depend on bandwidth requirements, distance, and other factors. There are also a variety of transmission media, including narrowband or spread spectrum PLC (Power Line Carrier) signals, radio frequency (RF) transmitters or infrared (IR) transmitters, which are listed in the technical specifications. Use a router to spread the direct digital control network over a standard or dedicated telephone line via a modem, or across a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) network, such as a corporate intranet or the global Internet.
The Internet Protocol is the most important way to control the electrical load of lighting or anywhere.
8 Control lighting with Internet and pager technology
This is a new technology that uses pagers to control lighting instead of clocks and photocells. The pager control system has three components, one is the remote communication unit (RCU), which is the remote receiving box installed at the place where you want to control the lighting; the other is the ground computer, which broadcasts instructions to the receiver; the other is the satellite pager network. , the connection between the first two.
The Remote Communication Unit (RCU) includes a processor for controlling lighting, an embedded clock with a built-in battery, and a paging receiver that acquires information from the satellite network four times a day. The exact burst of each transmission (in order to calibrate the clock of the remote communication unit), the time of the sun's fall and rise on that day, and any changes received to the local program instructions. Therefore, the RCU can turn off or turn on the lights at any time of the day, or turn off or turn on the lights depending on when the sun is falling or rising. For example, the controller can turn on the lights in the parking lot 25 minutes before the sun sets and turn off the lights at 2:00 in the morning.
The newly developed billboard lighting system is ideally designed to eliminate the cost of wasting electricity in outdoor advertising lighting. Billboard lighting will be the largest market for pager controllers. But other applications include street lighting, parking lot lighting, floodlighting for buildings, illuminated signal boards, and outdoor lighting for municipal facilities. The pager controller is also suitable for indoor lighting in stadiums or similar facilities.
Turning on the lights when no lights are needed will reduce profits, and managers want to switch lights on and off for important lighting loads. A commercial center in North Carolina, USA, uses pagers to control parking lot lighting, wall and roof floodlighting, sidewalk lighting, and tenant display signal boards. Sometimes, the tenant has to extend the time of turning on the light, and the pager controller can remotely change the preset switch light time, which is a relatively cheap control lighting method.
In the past, you had to call to change the default switch light time. Now you can access the manufacturer's web address to preset or change the switch light time. Click on “Unit Programming†to display the programming page, enter your name and password, and set a schedule for any electrical load at any remote location.
A person's billboard (or other electrical load) "has a light bulb burned out", such as a two-way wireless communication device and a remote communication unit (RCU) in the system, can transmit this information. This control system can use the computer to control and monitor the preset time of the switch lights in the monitoring center. When a fault occurs outside of the specified switch lamp time, the remote communication unit immediately performs a diagnosis and returns relevant information to the monitoring center. The two-way communication wireless communication device forwards information about each other to the RCU unit, the e-mail, the pager, or the fax machine, and then notifies the user. The information reported includes power outages, power restorations, and lamp damage.
By understanding the latest lighting technologies, you can expand your solution to all lighting projects. Such as an energy-efficient warehouse design, computer station with perfect lighting environment, conference center or research facilities, or lighting solutions coordinated with the architectural style of the theater.
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911 Signal Technology Inc. , http://www.911signaleurope.com