I. Overview China is a mountainous country with an area of ​​about two-thirds of the country's land area. With the development of society, the impact of human activities has led to frequent occurrence of flash flood accidents.
According to statistics from the National Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, in recent years, the number of deaths, missing persons, and property losses caused by the geological disasters of small and medium-sized rivers and mountain torrents have accounted for 70% of the total due to flood disasters. Small and medium-sized rivers and torrential geological disasters have become weak links in the flood prevention and mitigation system. Landslides, collapses, mudslides, "small rivers," and "dangerous reservoirs"... These hot words are filled with actions from the country's macro-policy decision-making to related industries, and have also become hot topics discussed by people from all walks of life. .
On October 12, 2010, Du Ying, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, Wang Min, deputy minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Jiao Yong, deputy director of the Ministry of Water Resources, and Yin Hong, deputy director of the State Forestry Administration held a press conference to introduce the management of small and medium-sized rivers and the prevention and control of geological hazards in mountain torrents. The work that has been done and the arrangements for the next stage of work indicated that the geological disasters of mountain torrents exist objectively, but they must be preventable and treatable. We must place investment in water conservancy investment, prevention and control of geological disasters, and comprehensive management of ecological environment in a more important position. . The disaster prevention and reduction project will basically be completed within five years.
Prevention and control of mountain torrents must adhere to the principle of “prevention and prevention.†By establishing a set of “mountain flood prevention systems†with improved forecasting, forecasting, early-warning capabilities, and emergency command capabilities, we can issue early warning information before the advent of mountain torrents. Relevant departments quickly made scientific decisions to ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
With the development of related disciplines such as the Internet of Things and industrial wireless communications, the prevention of geological disasters in mountain torrents has enabled the intelligentization of disaster prediction, forecasting, early warning, and emergency command by citing new products and technologies in related fields. Sixin Communications is a backbone enterprise in the field of wireless communications in China's Internet of Things. Over the past few years, it has been closely following the pulse of the development of the Internet of Things industry, and has conducted in-depth research on the application of industrial wireless communications products in the fields of water conservancy, hydrology, flood prevention and disaster prevention, and gradually formed products as The basis is to provide professional solutions for the customers in the industry, and to assist customers in achieving the “wisdom, standards, safety, and reliability†of wireless communications.
Second, project analysis
2.1 System Requirements The flash flood warning is based on the analysis and comparison of various raw monitoring data and historical data, and based on the data analysis results, decision-making and early warning information is made.
Each detection point terminal data acquisition device performs real-time detection of various hydrological data, such as rainfall, rainfall intensity, water level, river water speed, water speed of the reservoir, and water volume per unit time. The terminal data acquisition equipment collects data in real time or at intervals, and based on the GPRS wireless network platform, the collected data is transmitted to the early warning center system through the wireless communication terminal. The central system comprehensively analyzes the obtained data for early warning decision-making. The system provides the basis. When the early warning and decision system obtains the warning information, the warning system uses the form of data information, voice, and short message to send warning information to the warning terminal.
2.2 System composition According to the characteristics of the flood prevention work in different regions and the needs of early warning and decision-making for mountain flood disasters, a flood prevention command system at the provincial, municipal or county level is established by means of communication, computer networks, and database applications. It collects information on water and rain data from mountain flood prevention and control areas, as well as related information and information inquiries from other departments, information inquiries, decision-making on mountain floods, and issuance of warning information.
The information collection and early warning platform for mountain flood disasters is the core of the mountain flood disaster warning system. It is mainly composed of a computer network system and a database system. The computer network system mainly provides software and hardware platforms for system data reception, processing, processing and information query, early warning decision, early warning information release, and information exchange. The database system mainly provides data information for system maintenance management, information inquiry and service, and forecast decision.
The flash flood warning system is mainly composed of three parts: a water situation monitoring system, an early warning center system, and an early warning publishing terminal system.
2.2.1 Water condition monitoring system The water rain monitoring system mainly includes the layout of water and rain monitoring station network, information collection, and information transmission. The main task of the monitoring system is to collect various hydrological data and transmit the various data information to the early warning center system through the wireless transmission terminal to provide various disaster data for the early warning center system.
2.2.2 Early warning center system The main task of the early warning center system is to collect and comprehensively analyze data information, make early warning decisions based on the results of the analysis, and select appropriate warning procedures based on the critical level and the scope of the possible hazards of flash floods. Information is timely and accurately transmitted to areas that may be endangered by mountain torrents, so that personnel receiving the early warning areas can take preventive measures in a timely manner in accordance with the pre-plan for prevention of mountain flood disasters, minimizing casualties and the people’s property losses.
The warning center system consists of a computer network subsystem and a database subsystem. The computer network subsystem mainly includes the collection of disaster data information, data processing analysis, data query, early warning decision, and early warning information release. The maintenance and management of the main system of the database subsystem, provision of query services and provision of historically relevant data for the early warning decision system.
Early warning center systems generally use wired fiber access methods.
2.2.3 Warning information release terminal The main task of the system early warning information issuance terminal subsystem is to inform the relevant personnel and people in the early warning area of ​​the decision information of the central system in various ways to prepare for disaster preparedness. Ensure that the damage caused by disasters and people's lives and safety are minimized. This includes publishing terminals and wireless communication terminals.
2.3 Flood Warning Architecture
According to the analysis of system composition, the overall topology of the flash flood warning system is shown above. The entire system is divided into two links centering on the control center, namely the link between the monitoring terminal and the control center, and the link between the control center and the warning issuing terminal. Implement disaster information collection and disaster warning notification.
2.3.1 Link between Monitoring Terminal and Control Center The role of this link is to send front-end acquisition data to the control center to provide the most primitive hydrological data for decision-making and early warning of the control center.
Most of the monitoring terminal equipments are distributed in the disaster-prone areas and the natural environment conditions are harsh. Therefore, the equipment needs to have an industrial-grade design. Xiamen Sixin IP Modem adopts the industrial-grade design concept, and the normal working temperature range is large. Under the condition of -25°C~65°C, the equipment can normally and stably run, and the metal shell is used to make the equipment able to withstand a variety of harsh environmental conditions. It is not vulnerable to damage and can maintain stable working conditions in areas where mountain torrents occur.
The monitoring terminal equipment includes various data collectors and IP Modem. The data to be collected by the terminal data collector includes: various rainfall data such as rainfall, rainfall intensity, water level, river water speed, reservoir water speed, and water quantity per unit time. The data acquisition terminal is connected to the IP Modem via an RS-232 or RS-485 line.
During the flood season, the IP Modem will be in a long-term online working state and will always be connected to the control center through the GRPS network. However, due to external factors such as the environment and power supply, the equipment may not work properly. After the device is powered on or restarted, the problem is that it will bring a lot of workload to the maintenance of the device. At the same time, it directly affects the real-time and accuracy of the disaster data obtained by the control center. Therefore, we have introduced intelligent IP. The Modem can ensure that the IP Modem can automatically resume communication when it is affected by external factors. When the network is dropped, the device automatically reconnects to ensure connectivity with the control center. When the IP Modem listens to the data sent by the collection terminal, it immediately uses transparent transmission to upload the data to the control center, providing the control center with the most original disaster data, so that the control center can make a correct judgment on the disaster situation in time.
In the non-flood phase, the device does not need to maintain the online status at all times. The control center can modify the IP Modem configuration parameters through direct control and SMS communication, control the device's active status, device up and down time, switch mode or complete the device. Go to sleep. At the same time, the mobile phone terminal can also modify the IP Modem configuration parameters through a short message. This mode can greatly reduce energy consumption and emission reduction of equipment power consumption.
2.3.2 Control Center and Early Warning Release of Terminal Links The main role of this link is to notify the relevant personnel and people in dangerous areas of the warning information issued by the control center by broadcasting, LED screens, etc., in a timely manner to take preventive measures. The damage is minimized. The control center can issue warning information to the warning terminal through three communication methods: GPRS network data, voice, and short message.
Early warning terminals are mainly placed in villages, counties or places where human activities are frequent in areas prone to mountain torrents. Early warning terminals mainly include IP Modem, controllers, power amplifiers, speakers, and LED displays. IP Modem has three communication modes to receive early warning information. First, maintain the connection with the control center through the GPRS network and listen to the warning notice of the control center in real time. Second, provide voice channels to provide direct voice announcements for emergency situations. Third, provide SMS channels, control centers, and mobile phone terminals. The short message may be sent to the warning terminal to modify the configuration instruction and issue the warning information. The controller stores the number pool that the IP Modem authorizes and the recording of various disaster information.
The IP Modem is connected to the controller through RS-232/RS-485. The IP Modem submits the warning information obtained from the control center to the controller for analysis; the controller analyzes the warning information obtained from the IP Modem and sends it to the power amplifier device. The instruction enables the power amplifier device and the audio device to enter a ready-to-play state, and at the same time, plays a local recording alert message according to the analysis result. The power amplifier device is connected to the IP Modem and the speaker via an audio cable, and is connected to the controller through the control line.
After the control center sends the warning message, the IP Modem has three ways of obtaining the warning message. First, it is directly obtained from the control center through the GPRS network platform; second, through the short message channel; and third, the voice call is pulled in. The control center or mobile phone can send corresponding warning information directly to the IP Modem. The IP Modem transfers the obtained information to the controller for processing. The controller triggers the power amplifier device according to the content of the warning information and the disaster level, and plays the information according to the setting program. Corresponding broadcast recording. In the event of an emergency disaster, the control center's fixed phone or mobile phone can directly dial the terminal IP Modem. The IP Modem will extract the number and send it to the controller. After the controller receives the dialed number, it will compare it with the local authorization number. Pool comparison, if the pull number is defined in the authorization pool, then send the answer command to the IP Modem, IP Modem executes the command after receiving the answer command, the call is officially connected, and the controller controls the power amplifier and audio equipment to enter the ready play state. At this point, the peer end of the call can directly announce the voice alert.
2.5 Wireless Communication Device Function In view of the above system design requirements, the wireless communication terminal not only needs the basic function of data transmission, but also must have the function of short message and voice, and can achieve the three-channel transmission mode of data, short message and voice. Xiamen Sixin Communication's IP Modem product features and performance design are closely integrated with the application of flood prevention and disaster prevention. It has functions such as intelligent anti-drop, short message path, voice channel, and high cryptographic encryption to achieve stable data transmission and secure data transmission.
2.6 Selection of Transmission Network
GPRS stands out for its high transmission rate and low cost. The GPRS uplink rate is higher than GSM, and the downlink rate is up to 100 Kbps. In view of the fast running speed and low operating cost of using GPRS, it is recommended to use GPRS transmission as much as possible. At present, the GPRS network technology has been very mature. After more than ten years of construction and development, domestic operators have already covered the entire country and even remote mountainous areas. With a wide coverage, low tariffs and rich package, it is very suitable for small data transmission. If the transmission equipment has good configurability and openness, it can be configured according to the specific application, which will result in a substantial cost reduction.
Third, the program summary to prove that practice, GPRS wireless data transmission system is a "cost" higher communication. Through "unified planning, distributed implementation", GPRS technology will make communications more stable, accurate and efficient, and achieve good results.
Using the GPRS network and the provided data services, with the help of the GPRS communication products of Sixin Communication, the data transmission of the monitoring terminals and the transmission of warning information in the early warning systems at all levels can be successfully completed, and the timely monitoring and early warning of the mountain torrents can be completed. , forecasting, and decision-making consultation and command work provide a smooth, fast, stable and reliable communication channel. A large amount of manpower and material resources for traditional warning methods have been saved, and valuable data materials and time for emergency operations have been won for the broad masses of people in the place where the flash floods occurred.
After years of hard work, Xiamen Sixin Communication has launched several series of wireless communication terminals, which have been applied and promoted in many industries such as water conservancy, meteorology, electric power, environmental protection, transportation, and finance, and have been highly recognized by customers.
According to statistics from the National Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, in recent years, the number of deaths, missing persons, and property losses caused by the geological disasters of small and medium-sized rivers and mountain torrents have accounted for 70% of the total due to flood disasters. Small and medium-sized rivers and torrential geological disasters have become weak links in the flood prevention and mitigation system. Landslides, collapses, mudslides, "small rivers," and "dangerous reservoirs"... These hot words are filled with actions from the country's macro-policy decision-making to related industries, and have also become hot topics discussed by people from all walks of life. .
On October 12, 2010, Du Ying, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, Wang Min, deputy minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources, Jiao Yong, deputy director of the Ministry of Water Resources, and Yin Hong, deputy director of the State Forestry Administration held a press conference to introduce the management of small and medium-sized rivers and the prevention and control of geological hazards in mountain torrents. The work that has been done and the arrangements for the next stage of work indicated that the geological disasters of mountain torrents exist objectively, but they must be preventable and treatable. We must place investment in water conservancy investment, prevention and control of geological disasters, and comprehensive management of ecological environment in a more important position. . The disaster prevention and reduction project will basically be completed within five years.
Prevention and control of mountain torrents must adhere to the principle of “prevention and prevention.†By establishing a set of “mountain flood prevention systems†with improved forecasting, forecasting, early-warning capabilities, and emergency command capabilities, we can issue early warning information before the advent of mountain torrents. Relevant departments quickly made scientific decisions to ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
With the development of related disciplines such as the Internet of Things and industrial wireless communications, the prevention of geological disasters in mountain torrents has enabled the intelligentization of disaster prediction, forecasting, early warning, and emergency command by citing new products and technologies in related fields. Sixin Communications is a backbone enterprise in the field of wireless communications in China's Internet of Things. Over the past few years, it has been closely following the pulse of the development of the Internet of Things industry, and has conducted in-depth research on the application of industrial wireless communications products in the fields of water conservancy, hydrology, flood prevention and disaster prevention, and gradually formed products as The basis is to provide professional solutions for the customers in the industry, and to assist customers in achieving the “wisdom, standards, safety, and reliability†of wireless communications.
Second, project analysis
2.1 System Requirements The flash flood warning is based on the analysis and comparison of various raw monitoring data and historical data, and based on the data analysis results, decision-making and early warning information is made.
Each detection point terminal data acquisition device performs real-time detection of various hydrological data, such as rainfall, rainfall intensity, water level, river water speed, water speed of the reservoir, and water volume per unit time. The terminal data acquisition equipment collects data in real time or at intervals, and based on the GPRS wireless network platform, the collected data is transmitted to the early warning center system through the wireless communication terminal. The central system comprehensively analyzes the obtained data for early warning decision-making. The system provides the basis. When the early warning and decision system obtains the warning information, the warning system uses the form of data information, voice, and short message to send warning information to the warning terminal.
2.2 System composition According to the characteristics of the flood prevention work in different regions and the needs of early warning and decision-making for mountain flood disasters, a flood prevention command system at the provincial, municipal or county level is established by means of communication, computer networks, and database applications. It collects information on water and rain data from mountain flood prevention and control areas, as well as related information and information inquiries from other departments, information inquiries, decision-making on mountain floods, and issuance of warning information.
The information collection and early warning platform for mountain flood disasters is the core of the mountain flood disaster warning system. It is mainly composed of a computer network system and a database system. The computer network system mainly provides software and hardware platforms for system data reception, processing, processing and information query, early warning decision, early warning information release, and information exchange. The database system mainly provides data information for system maintenance management, information inquiry and service, and forecast decision.
The flash flood warning system is mainly composed of three parts: a water situation monitoring system, an early warning center system, and an early warning publishing terminal system.
2.2.1 Water condition monitoring system The water rain monitoring system mainly includes the layout of water and rain monitoring station network, information collection, and information transmission. The main task of the monitoring system is to collect various hydrological data and transmit the various data information to the early warning center system through the wireless transmission terminal to provide various disaster data for the early warning center system.
2.2.2 Early warning center system The main task of the early warning center system is to collect and comprehensively analyze data information, make early warning decisions based on the results of the analysis, and select appropriate warning procedures based on the critical level and the scope of the possible hazards of flash floods. Information is timely and accurately transmitted to areas that may be endangered by mountain torrents, so that personnel receiving the early warning areas can take preventive measures in a timely manner in accordance with the pre-plan for prevention of mountain flood disasters, minimizing casualties and the people’s property losses.
The warning center system consists of a computer network subsystem and a database subsystem. The computer network subsystem mainly includes the collection of disaster data information, data processing analysis, data query, early warning decision, and early warning information release. The maintenance and management of the main system of the database subsystem, provision of query services and provision of historically relevant data for the early warning decision system.
Early warning center systems generally use wired fiber access methods.
2.2.3 Warning information release terminal The main task of the system early warning information issuance terminal subsystem is to inform the relevant personnel and people in the early warning area of ​​the decision information of the central system in various ways to prepare for disaster preparedness. Ensure that the damage caused by disasters and people's lives and safety are minimized. This includes publishing terminals and wireless communication terminals.
2.3 Flood Warning Architecture
According to the analysis of system composition, the overall topology of the flash flood warning system is shown above. The entire system is divided into two links centering on the control center, namely the link between the monitoring terminal and the control center, and the link between the control center and the warning issuing terminal. Implement disaster information collection and disaster warning notification.
2.3.1 Link between Monitoring Terminal and Control Center The role of this link is to send front-end acquisition data to the control center to provide the most primitive hydrological data for decision-making and early warning of the control center.
Most of the monitoring terminal equipments are distributed in the disaster-prone areas and the natural environment conditions are harsh. Therefore, the equipment needs to have an industrial-grade design. Xiamen Sixin IP Modem adopts the industrial-grade design concept, and the normal working temperature range is large. Under the condition of -25°C~65°C, the equipment can normally and stably run, and the metal shell is used to make the equipment able to withstand a variety of harsh environmental conditions. It is not vulnerable to damage and can maintain stable working conditions in areas where mountain torrents occur.
The monitoring terminal equipment includes various data collectors and IP Modem. The data to be collected by the terminal data collector includes: various rainfall data such as rainfall, rainfall intensity, water level, river water speed, reservoir water speed, and water quantity per unit time. The data acquisition terminal is connected to the IP Modem via an RS-232 or RS-485 line.
During the flood season, the IP Modem will be in a long-term online working state and will always be connected to the control center through the GRPS network. However, due to external factors such as the environment and power supply, the equipment may not work properly. After the device is powered on or restarted, the problem is that it will bring a lot of workload to the maintenance of the device. At the same time, it directly affects the real-time and accuracy of the disaster data obtained by the control center. Therefore, we have introduced intelligent IP. The Modem can ensure that the IP Modem can automatically resume communication when it is affected by external factors. When the network is dropped, the device automatically reconnects to ensure connectivity with the control center. When the IP Modem listens to the data sent by the collection terminal, it immediately uses transparent transmission to upload the data to the control center, providing the control center with the most original disaster data, so that the control center can make a correct judgment on the disaster situation in time.
In the non-flood phase, the device does not need to maintain the online status at all times. The control center can modify the IP Modem configuration parameters through direct control and SMS communication, control the device's active status, device up and down time, switch mode or complete the device. Go to sleep. At the same time, the mobile phone terminal can also modify the IP Modem configuration parameters through a short message. This mode can greatly reduce energy consumption and emission reduction of equipment power consumption.
2.3.2 Control Center and Early Warning Release of Terminal Links The main role of this link is to notify the relevant personnel and people in dangerous areas of the warning information issued by the control center by broadcasting, LED screens, etc., in a timely manner to take preventive measures. The damage is minimized. The control center can issue warning information to the warning terminal through three communication methods: GPRS network data, voice, and short message.
Early warning terminals are mainly placed in villages, counties or places where human activities are frequent in areas prone to mountain torrents. Early warning terminals mainly include IP Modem, controllers, power amplifiers, speakers, and LED displays. IP Modem has three communication modes to receive early warning information. First, maintain the connection with the control center through the GPRS network and listen to the warning notice of the control center in real time. Second, provide voice channels to provide direct voice announcements for emergency situations. Third, provide SMS channels, control centers, and mobile phone terminals. The short message may be sent to the warning terminal to modify the configuration instruction and issue the warning information. The controller stores the number pool that the IP Modem authorizes and the recording of various disaster information.
The IP Modem is connected to the controller through RS-232/RS-485. The IP Modem submits the warning information obtained from the control center to the controller for analysis; the controller analyzes the warning information obtained from the IP Modem and sends it to the power amplifier device. The instruction enables the power amplifier device and the audio device to enter a ready-to-play state, and at the same time, plays a local recording alert message according to the analysis result. The power amplifier device is connected to the IP Modem and the speaker via an audio cable, and is connected to the controller through the control line.
After the control center sends the warning message, the IP Modem has three ways of obtaining the warning message. First, it is directly obtained from the control center through the GPRS network platform; second, through the short message channel; and third, the voice call is pulled in. The control center or mobile phone can send corresponding warning information directly to the IP Modem. The IP Modem transfers the obtained information to the controller for processing. The controller triggers the power amplifier device according to the content of the warning information and the disaster level, and plays the information according to the setting program. Corresponding broadcast recording. In the event of an emergency disaster, the control center's fixed phone or mobile phone can directly dial the terminal IP Modem. The IP Modem will extract the number and send it to the controller. After the controller receives the dialed number, it will compare it with the local authorization number. Pool comparison, if the pull number is defined in the authorization pool, then send the answer command to the IP Modem, IP Modem executes the command after receiving the answer command, the call is officially connected, and the controller controls the power amplifier and audio equipment to enter the ready play state. At this point, the peer end of the call can directly announce the voice alert.
2.5 Wireless Communication Device Function In view of the above system design requirements, the wireless communication terminal not only needs the basic function of data transmission, but also must have the function of short message and voice, and can achieve the three-channel transmission mode of data, short message and voice. Xiamen Sixin Communication's IP Modem product features and performance design are closely integrated with the application of flood prevention and disaster prevention. It has functions such as intelligent anti-drop, short message path, voice channel, and high cryptographic encryption to achieve stable data transmission and secure data transmission.
2.6 Selection of Transmission Network
GPRS stands out for its high transmission rate and low cost. The GPRS uplink rate is higher than GSM, and the downlink rate is up to 100 Kbps. In view of the fast running speed and low operating cost of using GPRS, it is recommended to use GPRS transmission as much as possible. At present, the GPRS network technology has been very mature. After more than ten years of construction and development, domestic operators have already covered the entire country and even remote mountainous areas. With a wide coverage, low tariffs and rich package, it is very suitable for small data transmission. If the transmission equipment has good configurability and openness, it can be configured according to the specific application, which will result in a substantial cost reduction.
Third, the program summary to prove that practice, GPRS wireless data transmission system is a "cost" higher communication. Through "unified planning, distributed implementation", GPRS technology will make communications more stable, accurate and efficient, and achieve good results.
Using the GPRS network and the provided data services, with the help of the GPRS communication products of Sixin Communication, the data transmission of the monitoring terminals and the transmission of warning information in the early warning systems at all levels can be successfully completed, and the timely monitoring and early warning of the mountain torrents can be completed. , forecasting, and decision-making consultation and command work provide a smooth, fast, stable and reliable communication channel. A large amount of manpower and material resources for traditional warning methods have been saved, and valuable data materials and time for emergency operations have been won for the broad masses of people in the place where the flash floods occurred.
After years of hard work, Xiamen Sixin Communication has launched several series of wireless communication terminals, which have been applied and promoted in many industries such as water conservancy, meteorology, electric power, environmental protection, transportation, and finance, and have been highly recognized by customers.