Medical photon technology is divided into two categories: photon diagnostic medical technology and photon therapy medical technology. The former uses photons as information carriers, while the latter uses photons as energy carriers. At present, whether it is light diagnosis or light therapy technology, laser is the light source. If you focus on human application, these two technologies belong to the field of laser medicine. Laser medicine is a unique and important application field of medical photonics technology, and it is also a new branch of discipline that has emerged rapidly in recent years.
According to international and domestic developments, the following points are the main research contents of medical photonics technology:
Medical spectroscopy
Laser spectroscopy has become an important research field in medical photonics with its high spectral and temporal resolution, sensitivity, accuracy, and non-destructive, safe, and fast advantages. With the in-depth research and application of laser spectroscopy in the medical field, a "medical spectroscopy" with development potential and application prospects has gradually formed.
1. Autofluorescence and drug fluorescence spectra of biological tissues. Preclinical studies have been conducted on laser-induced biological tissue autofluorescence and drug fluorescence diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaques and malignancies. The content involves the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer, the excitation and emission fluorescence spectra, and the characteristic spectra of the endogenous fluorophores of normal tissues and diseased tissues under laser excitation at various wavelengths. Based on this, a real-time fluorescence image processing system for cancer diagnosis and localization was also studied.
The research of laser fluorescence spectroscopy for the diagnosis of tumor technology has been paid close attention. The sensitivity of the spectral test method is very high. If the characteristic fluorescent peak of tumor cells can be found to diagnose the presence of cancer cells, it will play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. . However, the technology has not been used as a basis for cancer cell detection in clinical practice. The key reason is that the true characteristic fluorescence peak of cancer cells has not yet been found. The so-called characteristic fluorescent peak is actually only the fluorescent peak of the porphyrin molecule. Objective and scientific judgment of laser fluorescence spectroscopy is essential for the diagnosis of tumors.
At present, the drug fluorescence diagnosis of some cancers has entered clinical trials, and the application of autofluorescence is still in the process of exploration. It is necessary to carry out research on the mechanism of laser excitation of biological tissues and intracellular substances, and to investigate the correlation between laser-induced tissue autofluorescence and pathological types of cancer tissues, as well as the fluorescence spectrum, fluorescence yield and optimal excitation wavelength of novel photosensitizers. Obtain extremely stable and reliable characteristic data and provide scientific basis for the development of diagnostic technology.
2. Raman spectra of biological tissues. In recent years, the application of Raman spectroscopy in medicine has shown its advantages in sensitivity, resolution, and no damage. Overcoming the fluorescence spectroscopy technique to distinguish diseased tissue is due to the wide and easy overlap of biological macromolecules. The impact of diagnosis. At present, this research field is still in its infancy, and the following research work should be intensified: First, the Raman spectroscopy of important medical substances is studied, and its spectral database (including the sensitive spectrum corresponding to molecular components and structures) is established. Line and its intensity, etc.) Second, study the Raman spectrum of disease, analyze the changes and pathogenesis of biological components from normal to disease; Third, develop small, efficient, suitable for body and body medical Man spectrometer and diagnostic instrument.
3. Ultrafast time-resolved spectra of biological tissues. Ultrafast time resolved spectra are technically more sensitive, more objective, and more selective than steady state spectra. Therefore, ultrashort laser pulse light sources with pulse widths of the order of ps and fs have been widely used in medicine. First, ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy should be developed to measure the fluorescence decay time of biological tissues and biomolecules. To analyze the molecular relaxation dynamics of cancer tissues, etc., to provide basic data for further study of autofluorescence to diagnose malignant tumors; secondly, ultrafast time-resolved diffuse reflectance (transmission) spectroscopy should be developed. The diffuse reflection of the tissue is measured at an angle in the time domain to indirectly determine the optical characteristics of the tissue. This is a new, non-destructive and real-time measurement method for living organisms. It opens a new path to the understanding of the interaction between light and biological tissues and solving the basic measurement problems in medical photonics. Research on principles and techniques should be carried out to obtain valuable living optical parameters, which will provide a basis for the development of photodiagnosis and phototherapy techniques.
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