First, car navigation system
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Car navigation system refers to vehicle road traffic information communication system, including microcomputer and display screen, synchronous satellite positioning system, radar and so on. It stores a large amount of road-related system data in the microcomputer, and uses the radar installed on the road to measure traffic information such as the distance and quantity of the vehicle, transmits it to the computer control center and transmits it to the communication satellite, and the satellite sends the traffic signal back to the car. The receiver allows the driver to get traffic information from the in-car display. When the driver enters the starting point, route and destination of the trip into the computer, the computer can plan the best route for the driver and provide detailed information, navigation, and even automatic navigation (automatic acceleration or deceleration, automatic lane change or Overtaking, in case of emergency, automatic braking and collision avoidance). The communication system can also be used as a maintenance service system and a safety early warning system in the event of a car failure, as this can be achieved through communication satellites and ground service centers. Electronic navigation devices began to be used in cars in the 1990s. Its main purpose is to make it easy for users to reach their destination easily and quickly.
The other is to alleviate traffic congestion and congestion in the city. This device, unlike other automotive electronic devices, can be self-contained, but in addition to in-vehicle electronic devices, it needs to be networked with global positioning systems, local traffic management centers, etc. to obtain relevant information in order to complete real-time route planning and guiding tasks. Therefore, not only is the structure more complicated, but also the corresponding infrastructure is required to cooperate. The general car navigation device includes a global positioning receiving system, a microcomputer, a liquid crystal display, a map storage reading device, and the like. Its simple working principle is to obtain accurate real-time location of the car according to the positioning system (which can be a global positioning system or a self-discipline positioning system, or a combination of the two), combined with the existing map to determine the route to the destination, and According to the real-time traffic situation monitored by the traffic management center, the correction of the best route is given, and finally displayed on the display. It can display a street, a specific guide from a junction to an intersection, and some can also provide voice guidance at the same time.
The early navigation system has a large error range, and only recognizes the relative position of the LCD screen vehicle and the surrounding map. At present, it has been developed to query the information through the service center, and then combined with the electronic map display, the new system has small error, and the guiding operation mode is diverse. Choices, with a variety of additional service systems, complete car navigation systems, should include global positioning systems and vehicle autopilot systems. It is generally composed of GS antennas, which form a display screen route, and can provide navigation information by voice. Some people can use the voice to point the driver to the hotel, and can also connect to the computer network to listen to the weather forecast. The stock market, as well as providing information on traffic jams in front of the road and pointing out other routes that avoid traffic jams.
Second, the car navigation computer
The AVIC-D909 and AVIC-707 car navigation computers were developed by Japan Pioneer Electronics. The computer uses a DVD-ROM automatic display device with a 32-bit RISG chip to enable three-bit hybrid sensing positioning. Both computers use the TV-W808 20cm widescreen LCD display. For more accurate positioning, 3D positioning is complemented by a horizontal vertical positioning system.
In addition, the computer is ready to be used with the Global Positioning System. Among them, AVIC-D909 computer is also equipped with sound control system and plug-in interface storage system (AVIC-D707 can also be optional according to user needs). The car computer (navigation computer) can also receive FM radio programs. Since the early 1980s, computers have become more and more widely used in automobiles, and cars produced in many countries are equipped with computers or microprocessors as standard equipment. The computer can precisely control the air/fuel mixture ratio and ignition timing under different working conditions as needed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of the vehicle; at the same time, the vehicle computer is braked against anti-locking decoration. Technical applications such as sub-four-wheel steering devices and floating suspensions have also become more mature. In addition to mechanical parts, computers are also used in the control of air-conditioning equipment, as well as digital display of instruments, computers are widely used in various vehicles. In part, it will be one of the important signs of the future car.
The widespread use of computers in automobiles is mainly manifested in "smart" cars. Japan is more advanced than other countries. The smart cars that are now being developed can easily provide useful information for parole people. In the future, there will be more new members with unique shapes, novelties and outstanding performance. It can be said that the future car will be the crystallization of science and technology and culture and art that transcend our current imagination and appreciation. The new era of the future car is waiting for us to create.
Third, the application and development of automotive GPS technology
GPS global navigation system, also known as global satellite positioning system. It continuously transmits to the ground and provides three-dimensional position and three-speed information on the ground according to the signals provided by the United States on the 24 positioning satellites around the earth, so that the receiving equipment installed on the earth receives the information and uses the relay equipment. This information is analyzed to determine a positioning system in which the object from which the information is transmitted is located. The vehicle automatic navigation system is based on the current position of the vehicle provided by the GPS receiver and the vehicle destination input by the user, calculates an appropriate driving route with reference to the electronic map, and provides the necessary information to the driver in an appropriate manner during driving.
The functions of GPS mainly include: timely displaying the position of the car in the pre-defined electronic map, the driving speed and the distance from the destination. After entering the destination, it will automatically generate an optimal driving route to the destination, and use the language to remind the user when turning, so that they can go directly anywhere without asking for directions. At any time, you can check the latest road condition information of hotels, shops, gas stations, repair shops, stations, docks, etc. along the way to provide convenience for users. After the car is robbed, the engine can be stopped within the specified range, and the position of the car is reported to the police. Use it to play music or VCD after parking.
The car GPS navigation system is mainly composed of two parts: (1) consisting of a GPS receiver and display device installed in the original car; (2) consisting of a computer control center. The two parts are linked by satellite positioning. At present, the main features of autonomous navigation in the world are that each car has its own map in the navigation device, and the positioning and navigation functions are all completed by the in-vehicle device.
Its working process mainly has the following steps:
1. User input destination
Before departure, the user enters the destination into the navigation device through the input method of the system iron. In addition to directly clicking on the selected location on the electronic map displayed on the system, more often it is by some input method to input the destination name into the system. Domestic auto navigation products are basically based on PC institutions, or with an external keyboard, similar to The Chinese input method of the PC is used as a car navigation system for the place name input method, or the Chinese input is performed by using the touch screen with the increasingly mature handwriting recognition technology. Almost all function buttons can be implemented by keyboard or touch screen. Based on the "people-oriented" design philosophy, especially considering the security performance requirements, people are also developing voice-based products.
2. Driving route
The car navigation host obtains the calculated current latitude and longitude from the GPS receiver, and by comparing with the electronic map data, the current location of the vehicle can be determined at any time. The general car navigation system defaults the current location of the vehicle to the starting point. After the user inputs the destination, the navigation system can automatically calculate a most suitable map route as a new route according to the map information stored on the electronic map.
3. Navigation in motion
The output device of the car navigation system includes a display screen and a voice output device. During driving, the driver must concentrate on driving and not always view the display screen. Therefore, a practical and user-friendly automatic navigation system for the vehicle uses voice output to prompt the driver with information when necessary. For example, if the vehicle travels to the intersection that should be turned according to the recommended route of the system, the voice output device prompts the driver: “Please turn after 300mâ€, so the driver does not need to pay attention to the display of the screen at all, and can also follow the recommended route correctly and quickly. Arrive at the destination.
At present, the navigation systems of several famous automobile companies in the world have reached a level of perfection and use. Car navigation products with local maps developed independently in China. In other major cities in China, public security systems, taxi companies and other public dispatch systems have also developed another vehicle positioning and navigation system to meet the requirements of centralized dispatch and rapid response. In vehicles in these public dispatch systems, autonomous navigation devices are not required in addition to GPS antennas and receivers, and vehicles are in contact with the headquarters via in-vehicle communication equipment. The communication transmitter on the vehicle can transmit the vehicle position calculated by the GPS receiver of the vehicle to the headquarters at any time. After receiving the latitude and longitude information of each out-of-way vehicle, the headquarters can keep track of their exact location. Dispatching is accurately and quickly made through a voice communication channel established with the outgoing vehicle. The GPS navigation function of the car navigation system is outstanding, which can help the driver to reach the destination quickly even in the intricate urban traffic road network. The multi-layer guide menu is used to conveniently classify selected targets by region, city, and facility functions. The navigation system can immediately calculate the shortest driving route, and the images are displayed on the 2D or 3D electronic map. Once the car is started, it represents the real-time location. The logo will automatically follow the set route. When encountering traffic jams in front of the road or changing the driving route, the satellite navigation system will automatically reset, and automatically set new driving routes after a few seconds to resume navigation. Although the application time of car navigation devices and cars is not long, it has developed rapidly. Especially in Japan, the current market for global car navigation systems is leading by Japan, with a production of 1.4 million sets in 1998. Major auto companies have offered them as options to customers, and in 1998 they accounted for 64% of total production.
Japan is developing very fast in this area. According to reports, there are currently 6 million cars in Japan that use electronic navigation systems, accounting for 10% of all car ownership, and 30% of new cars produced since 2000 have installed electronic navigation. system. Most of the models that General Motors has launched in the United States now use the vehicle intelligence information system as a standard device. It is also reported that Peugeot has installed satellite navigation devices for all LX-class 406 and 607 cars as standard equipment in the car. Toyota is planning to use the electronic navigation system as an optional part of the new Tianjin Toyota model. The main reason is that they started the preparation of digital maps very early, invested 1.5 billion yen, and produced a more complete digital road and block map. In addition, the streets of some cities in Japan are more complicated, and the Japanese people are interested in electronic products. Therefore, the market for such new products is developing rapidly.
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