Scientists are constantly exploring new materials to create soft robots that can twist, bend, and interact naturally with living beings. However, as these machines become more flexible, their strength tends to decrease, which limits their real-world applications. This trade-off between flexibility and power has been a major challenge in the field of soft robotics.
Recently, a breakthrough came from Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. They developed artificial muscles that significantly boost the power of soft robots, enabling them to lift up to 1,000 times their own weight. Daniela Rus, a professor at MIT, expressed her surprise at the results, noting that the level of power achieved was unexpected. The team’s actuators now closely resemble natural muscles, opening the door to building a wide range of advanced robotic systems.
Each artificial muscle features a "skeleton" made from various materials, such as bent metal or plastic sheets. These are enclosed in a flexible outer layer—referred to as "skin"—which allows the muscle to contract when a vacuum is created inside. This mechanism enables movement through pressure changes without the need for external power sources, making it highly efficient and versatile.
The design of the internal structure determines how the entire system functions, allowing users to program the muscles without requiring a complex control system. This makes the technology ideal for wearable robotic systems, where bulkiness and weight are major concerns. Soft, lightweight muscles can be easily integrated into clothing or accessories, offering a more natural and comfortable user experience.
Using a combination of metals, plastics, and other materials, the researchers have created dozens of different muscles with varying structures. These muscles can shrink to just 10% of their original size and are capable of handling delicate objects with precision. The artificial muscles are also remarkably durable, being six times stronger than typical animal skeletal muscles while remaining extremely light. A single 2.6 gram muscle can lift up to 3 kilograms, demonstrating their impressive strength-to-weight ratio.
Moreover, each muscle can be manufactured in under 10 minutes for less than $1, making the production cost very low. The use of vacuum suction during the manufacturing process also enhances safety compared to traditional artificial muscles. With such promising characteristics, these artificial muscles could revolutionize the future of soft robotics, paving the way for more powerful, efficient, and practical robotic systems.
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