Small appliance repair series article 18 energy-saving lamp structure and maintenance skills (on)

Small appliance repair series article 18 energy-saving lamp structure and maintenance skills (on) Wang Dejun * energy-saving fluorescent lamp referred to as energy-saving lamps. The energy-saving lamp is a new type of lighting lamp with high efficiency, energy saving, soft light color, stable light and no flicker, no noise at work, long service life, wide adaptability and novel style. Although this kind of lighting has been used for many years in domestic homes and factories, it has been favored by the public so far, and it is still the preferred target for many consumers to purchase lighting. The social ownership is very large. At present, there are two main types of energy-saving lamps that are widely used, namely: ordinary energy-saving lamps and electronic energy-saving fluorescent lamps.

This chapter introduces the structure, principle and troubleshooting methods of ordinary energy-saving lamps. The next section will analyze and analyze the electronic energy-saving fluorescent lamps. Construction and Principles A wide variety of general-purpose energy-saving lamps are usually classified by shape and electric power. According to the shape, there are mainly H, U, double U and O type. In terms of power, it can be generally divided into several types, such as 7, 9, 11, 13W and 15W. Regardless of the type, the basic working principle of ordinary energy-saving lamps is similar. Except for the shape, the main structure is similar. Therefore, the commonly used H-type energy-saving lamps (hereinafter referred to as H-type lamps) are used as examples to describe energy-saving lamps. Construction, principle and maintenance are equally meaningful for the maintenance of other types of ordinary energy-saving lamps.

Like the ordinary fluorescent lamp, the H-type lamp is a preheating cathode gas discharge illuminating lamp. Please refer to and for the shape and structure of the H-type lamp. It can be seen that the H-type lamp is mainly composed of two parallel glass tubes, a three-spiral cathode (ie filament) in the glass tube, and an aluminum glass connecting bridge tube to connect two parallel glass tubes. This H-shaped structure makes the lamp The discharge channel is folded in half, which greatly shortens the length of the lamp. Since the lamp tube looks like the letter H from the outer shape, it is called an H-type lamp. It can be seen that the starter is also installed in the lamp holder of the H-type lamp, so that the user does not need to use the starter when installing, which can save installation time and simplify the external circuit of the lamp.

The inner wall of the tube of the H-type lamp is coated with a rare earth trichromatic phosphor. Compared with ordinary halogen lamp-coated calcium halophosphate phosphors, this kind of phosphor has two obvious advantages of high luminous efficiency and good color rendering. Generally, the luminous efficiency of H-type lamps is about 30% higher than that of ordinary fluorescent lamps, 57 times that of incandescent lamps; the color rendering index is more than 82, which is about 12 higher than that of ordinary fluorescent lamps. In other words, the light output (flux) of a 7W H-type lamp is equivalent to that of a normal 40W incandescent lamp; the 9W H-type lamp is equivalent to a 60W incandescent lamp; and the 11W H-type lamp can be obtained. The 75W incandescent lamp is on.

The color rendering index is the main parameter indicating the color rendering characteristics of the lighting. The larger the color rendering index, the better the color rendering. The color of the object under the light is closer to the color under natural light, and the color is more realistic. The color rendering index is up to 100, and the color development is completely undistorted. The selection of high color rendering index lamps is necessary and important not only for factory units such as textile printing and dyeing, but also for general household lighting applications, especially for reading books, etc., because it It can play a positive role in reducing eye fatigue and preventing myopia.

Tri-primary phosphors also extend the life of H-lamps. Because the inner diameter of the tube of the H-type lamp is only about 10 mm, the wall load is heavy during operation, and the fluorescent layer is strongly irradiated by ultraviolet rays. If ordinary phosphor is used, it will not withstand the strong ultraviolet radiation and decay too quickly. However, the trichromatic phosphors can withstand the strong ultraviolet radiation.

Most H-type lamps are a kind of slightly orange-white light, which is obviously different from the white light emitted by ordinary fluorescent lamps. The former is soft and the latter is more dazzling. It should be pointed out that there are also H-type lamps and other types of energy-saving lamps that use ordinary phosphors on the market. These lamps generally have poor color rendering and durability. If there is no reliable service life guarantee, it is recommended not to buy them.

A typical circuit for an H-lamp is shown. It works like a normal fluorescent lamp. After the power switch S is closed and the power is turned on, the starter STR obtains 220V mains through the switch S, the ballast LZ and the filament (cathode) of the lamp ELG, and the STR is turned on, so that the mains makes the ELG cathode short. Time preheating, make the cathode schedule: common H31 lamp main parameters lamp type 皤 set power m working voltage (V) working current (mAj luminous flux (fm lamp full length (mm) lamp width after STR contact jumps, The high voltage at both ends of the lamp discharges the gas inside the tube, stimulating the phosphor to illuminate, and the lamp is illuminated. If you need to understand the detailed working principle of the circuit, you can refer to the relevant chapters in books such as General Electrotechnics. Detailed.

H-type energy-saving lamps common fault repair H-type lamps common faults are: the light is not bright, does not start, the start is difficult, the light is dark, the ballast is overheated, there is noise and the lamp head is loose, etc., which are explained separately below.

If the lamp is not broken, it is caused by electrical circuit disconnection or power switch, ballast, starter and other components. The voltage at both ends of the lamp socket can be measured with a voltmeter during maintenance. If it is normal, check whether there is bad contact between the lamp foot and the lamp holder; if it is normal, it indicates that the H-type lamp is bad. It should be noted that the H-type lamp contains a starter and a connection line for the lamp, so it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of damage to the starter and the connection (including the lead and connection of the lamp). If the starter is not bad, even If the line is normal, it can be confirmed that the lamp is broken, generally the filament is broken and severely aging. The only solution is to replace the tube. The disassembly and repair of the H-type lamp and the starter are described below.

If there is no voltage at both ends of the lamp holder, it means that the line is broken or the switch and other components are damaged. The components and their connections can be checked separately. Because the circuit is simple and the components are few, the fault judgment is not difficult, and will not be repeated here. In the actual maintenance, you can also check the components and wiring of the circuit with the multimeter ohms in the case of power failure, so that the fault can be found faster than the power check.

H-lamps usually have a long service life, and unless they are inferior, they will not be damaged in a short period of time under normal conditions. However, this kind of lamp is the same as ordinary fluorescent lamps, and is also afraid of frequent switching and severe vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid frequent switching of lights and the like during use, so as to avoid damage to the lamp and shorten the service life.

The failure of the lamp to start and the red light at the tail of the lamp are mostly caused by the internal contacts of the starter being sintered. During maintenance, the soldering iron can be used to melt and remove the solder on the lamp legs to disengage the tube leads from the lamp pins. Then use a small screwdriver to gently pry open the bayonet cover of the aluminum protective cover, and then exit the lamp holder to see the starter and connection (as shown). If the starter contact is not severely sintered, you can use your finger to gently hit the starter, which may have an effect. If the bombing is invalid, you have to change it. It can be replaced by the H lamp with the lamp but the normal starter. It can also be replaced with an ordinary fluorescent lamp starter, but be careful to use a 420W, 440W or 8*40W starter. After changing the starter, insert the two tube leads into the lamp foot, push it into the lamp housing, and then use the needle-nose pliers to clamp the protection cover buckle, and finally re-weld the lamp foot.

When disassembling the lamp and the starter wiring, etc., the above disassembly method can also be used.

Normally, the H-lamp will start within 1*2 seconds after the power is turned on. If the starter flashes multiple times at startup, the time is more than 3 seconds, which is abnormal. The main cause of this failure is the aging of the lamp or the poor ballast. Usually the former is common and the latter is less common.

When the lamp is aging, it can generally see obvious black spots on the tube (see), which is very convenient. In addition, when the power supply voltage is too low or the room temperature is too low, it will cause difficulty in starting up. Do not forget these two factors during maintenance inspection.

The darkness of the light may be caused by the low voltage of the power supply. Another major factor is the aging of the lamp. The judgment method has been mentioned above. It is worth pointing out that after the H-lamp is energized, it usually takes more than ten seconds to several minutes to reach the rated brightness, and it is slower when it is colder than when it is hot. This is because the diameter of the H-shaped lamp is thin and in a folded shape, and it takes a certain time for the gas in the tube to reach a sufficient discharge level. Therefore, when the light is turned on, the light is dark, and it is normal to gradually light up and stabilize the light. It is not the aging of the lamp.

The ballast used in the H-type lamp is usually small in size and has a large current flow, so the temperature rise is high when the working time is long, especially in summer. When the ambient temperature is 32*C, the ballast temperature can rise to about 70*C. It will feel hot when touched by hand, but it is still allowed and does not need to be treated. If the temperature is too high, you can smell the burnt smell (usually higher than 80C), it means that it is not normal, you should turn off the light and check the power in time. Most of these faults are caused by partial short-circuiting of the ballast windings, which can rewind the coil or replace the ballast. It should be noted that there are a few counterfeit table lamps and other products in the market. The ballasts used for cutting corners are used, and the temperature rises during work. In the summer, even the lamps and lanterns can be burnt out, causing accidents. If the lamp is repaired, it is generally only appropriate to replace the ballast.

If the ballast for the H lamp is not available, it can be wound by the core of a common 6W, 8W fluorescent lamp ballast. The data is as follows: two sets of 2,800 绕, 1400 每 each, with a diameter of 0.19 mm high-strength enameled wire. After winding, insert the iron core, install it into the original lamp circuit or connect it according to the circuit shown. Check the power after it is correct, and use a multimeter to monitor the voltage across the lamp. Then adjust the spacing of the two cores by adjusting the paper of different thicknesses until the voltage across the tube matches the one shown in the attached table. Be sure to pay attention to safety during adjustment. If the paper or the like may touch the mains or the operation that obviously affects the normal operation of the circuit, it must be powered off. After the operation, the power is tested again. Don't be afraid of trouble.

After the adjustment is completed, the ballast should be immersed in the insulating varnish and dried before use.

The ballast is humming when it is working. This is caused by the vibration of the ballast core during operation. This can be solved by tightening the set screws or re-impregnating the insulating varnish.

After the H-type lamp is used for a period of time, the molded case of the lamp cap is likely to shrink and deform, resulting in looseness between the lamp cap and the aluminum protective cover, which may easily cause breakage of the lead wire and poor contact. If the lamp is installed horizontally, it will sag obliquely, which is not only easy to damage, but also difficult to insert and remove. For this failure, it is usually only necessary to use a needle-nosed pliers to flatten the aluminum cover so that it fits firmly with the lamp housing.

In addition, it should be pointed out that the lamp holder of the H-type lamp is preferably used with the original product, so that the factors causing malfunctions such as poor contact can be reduced. Also, when disassembling the H-type lamp, pinch the aluminum protective cover of the lamp and insert or pull out the lamp holder in parallel. Do not shake or push and pull the glass tube. Otherwise, the tube and the lamp head may be loosened or even damaged.

*73 Electronic World 23 years 6

Our Led Module can use as the Led String Light, led effect light and led curtain for your led project. Iseeled company's LED Module have much more versions which include the round led module, rectangle led module, Square Led Module, surface mount led module and embedded led module. You can design them according to your demand . It's 256 Brightness and full 24-bit color. The led string light is vivid and beautiful and widely used as decorative lighting for party, wedding, festival, Christmas etc. The ws2811 light can be made to fade in and out of millions of colors, flash or blink

Photo show of LED Module:

LED Module 1515

WS2811 led module

LED Module

Led Module,Led Effect Module Sign Light,Square Led Module,Led String Light

Shenzhen Iseeled Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.iseeledlight.com

Posted on