Have you ever seen the green light at the crossroads turn red but can only wait in line, but on the way to work, you can only go to the turtles, but you can only lose speed because of congestion. Now, the intelligent traffic management system is coming. The system collects traffic information through the detection equipment, and through integrated calculation, makes the driving road become a green wave belt, allowing you to travel unimpeded, ignite your driving speed and driving passion.
Figure 1 Status of daily traffic congestion
The brain of the intelligent traffic management system is the traffic command center, and the command center manages multiple subsystems. Each subsystem has its own independent functions and cooperates with each other. These subsystems are built on top of the hardware devices, which consist of six controllers and some detection devices. The overall architecture of the intelligent traffic management system is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 intersection traffic management system
1.1 Traffic Information Collection SystemThe traffic information collection system collects and processes information such as traffic flow, vehicle speed, vehicle length (vehicle classification), vehicle spacing, and congestion status by using traffic information collection devices (sensors, cameras, etc.) installed on vehicles and on roads. transmission. It is the data source of traffic information in the intelligent traffic management system.
1.1.1 Traffic Information Detector
The main function of the traffic information detector is to receive the detection data sent by the detector (geomagnetic, camera), process the obtained detection data, and then transmit the data information to other subsystems and traffic command centers. The device is equipped with a display, which can be used to view the collected data and communication information. It can also set the communication parameters and parameter configuration of the detector through the display.
Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics uses the M6G2C series core board of the Freescale i.MX6UL series Cortex-A7 processor as the controller to design a traffic information detector. The detector has rich interface resources and processing capabilities, and is equipped with a large-capacity industrial grade. eMMC memory and TF card are used to store collected data. The detector can remotely upgrade the firmware through the network port to reduce the amount of work in the later period. The product block diagram of the product is shown in Figure 3. The physical picture of the core board is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 3 Traffic Information Detector Solution
Figure 4 M6G2C core board
1.1.2 Geomagnetic detection module
For the detection of traffic flow, the most widely used technology is to detect by geomagnetic sensor. The geomagnetic detection module has a controller inside, and the controller processes the detected data and sends it to the traffic information detector through the wireless module. For the geomagnetic monitoring module 7*24-hour power supply system and stable wireless transmission requirements, zigbee and LoRa's low-power and high-stability networking mode is particularly obvious for this advantage. Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics provides users with Zigbee modules and LoRa. The module solves the wireless transmission problem of the geomagnetic detection module. At the same time, it also provides users with various antenna layout assistance services, which provides effective guarantee for users to shorten the research and development cycle and improve the overall competitiveness of the products.
1. Zigbee module
ZM516X series ZigBee wireless module is a low-power, high-performance ZigBee module developed by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics based on NXP's JN5168 chip. It provides a complete application integration solution based on IEEE802.15.4 standard ISM (2.4-2.5GHz) frequency band. Support FastZigBee, ZNET, JenNet-IP, ZigBee-PRO, RF4CE and other protocols, can be quickly applied to industrial control, industrial data acquisition, intelligent remote control and other occasions. A picture of the product is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5 ZM516X Series ZigBee Wireless Module
2. LoRa module
ZM470S series products are an industrial-grade wireless RF communication module developed by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics based on SI4432, which communicates with the outside through SPI interface. The maximum communication distance is more than 1000 meters, and the picture of the product is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 ZM470S Series LoRa Wireless Module
1.1.3 Environmental Information Detector
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the probability of traffic safety accidents is getting higher and higher. In addition to human factors and vehicle factors, traffic environment and road factors also have a huge impact on traffic accidents. When there are weather conditions such as rain, snow, smog, etc., the visibility of the road will be greatly reduced, and the safety hazard will be buried for the road traffic; if there is ice or water, the vehicle is in the process of driving, It is prone to drifting, brake failure, and slipping, and induce traffic safety accidents. This requires an environmental information monitoring module to detect the road environment and upload the test data to the management center to provide reference data for road traffic management.
IOT-3960L is an industrial grade industrial control board carefully introduced by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics Co., Ltd., which can be used for environmental testing. The board uses Freescale's ARM9-based i.MX28x processor for consumer and industrial control applications for data acquisition or higher levels of user interaction. The product has 485, CAN and other wired communication interfaces, which can be wired with the environmental detection sensor module; the miniPCIE wireless communication interface on the module (for WIFI, GPRS, ZigBee, RFID, 3G and other modules with miniPCIE interface) can be The environmental detection sensor module performs wireless networking. The product uploads the detection information to the environmental monitoring center through the Ethernet, and then transmits the road condition to the user terminal by using the base station wireless transmission. The product can be remotely upgraded through the network port to reduce the workload in the later period. A picture of the product is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 IOT-3960L industrial control board
1.2 Traffic Signal Control SystemThe traffic signal control system is a real-time networked control system for regional traffic signals integrating modern computer, communication, and control technologies. The main function of the system is to control the red, yellow, green and pedestrian red and green lights of the motorized lights, the forbidden working hours, and the automatic execution control settings. The corresponding traffic and forbidden time can be automatically adjusted according to the traffic volume of different intersections or different intersections at the same intersection. It plays an important role in maintaining traffic order, improving the traffic rate at intersections, and avoiding traffic accidents at intersections.
1.2.1 Traffic signal control machine
The main function of the traffic signal control machine is to control traffic lights and countdown timers, integrated GPS timing module, 4G communication module, wireless module, Ethernet, etc.; can receive signals from pedestrian buttons and infrared remote controllers.
Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics used the M6G2C series core board of Freescale i.MX6UL series Cortex-A7 processor as the controller to design the traffic signal controller. The scheme design of the controller is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Traffic Signal Control Plan
1.2.2 Traffic Light Fault Monitor
Traffic lights are placed above the poles, and such outdoor environments are susceptible to damage from rain, lightning, high temperatures, and the like. Traffic jams can cause traffic congestion and even traffic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to perform fault detection on the signal light. The signal light fault monitoring can directly detect the light through the light sensor, and can also detect the state of the signal light by detecting the voltage and current of the signal light. The test results are uploaded to the traffic management center via Ethernet, and can also be directly reported to the traffic light maintenance management center via GPRS.
Zhiyuan Electronics uses the M28A-T series core board of Freescale i.MX28 series ARM9 processor as the controller, designed the traffic light fault monitor program, ARM9 processor resources are less than A7 processor, but the price is cheap, and the resource application This program is enough. The device can remotely upgrade the firmware through the network port and GPRS to reduce the workload in the later period. The block diagram of the scheme is shown in Figure 9. The physical picture of the core board is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 9 Traffic Light Fault Monitor Solution
Figure 10 M28A-T core board
The GPRS module is used on the traffic light fault monitor, which is a communication module for reporting traffic light fault information. PCIE-SIM800G is an industrial grade GPRS module introduced by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics Co., Ltd. The module is designed by SIMCOM SIM800G. The module is small in size and can meet the applications of IoT data acquisition or consumer electronics and industrial control. The product is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11 SIM800G industrial grade GPRS module
1.2.3 Detection Module
In addition to the monitor, the fault detection of traffic lights requires a detection module. The detection module is the front post of the signal light failure, always pays attention to the every action of the signal light, and reports the result to the monitor. In today's era of advanced wireless communications, wireless communications are used to transmit data, eliminating the constraints of cables, while also saving installation and maintenance costs. The detection module consists of two parts: acquisition processing and communication. There is a microprocessor on the module to coordinate the completion of these two parts.
The AW824P2EF wireless development module is a low-power, high-performance ZigBee secondary development module developed by Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics Co., Ltd. based on NXP's JN5161 and LPC824 chips. This module fully meets the resource requirements of the detection module. The LPC824 is a 32-bit low-power processor with ARM@CortexTM M0+ core, clocked at up to 30Mhz, supporting 32KB of on-chip flash memory and 8KB of on-chip SRAM memory. The processor integrates flexible peripheral modules and supports functions such as I2C, UART, SPI, ADC, and TIMER. The JN5161 is NXP's ZigBee chip, which provides a complete application integration solution based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard ISM (2.4-2.5GHz) band and supports the FastZigBee protocol. The product picture is shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12 AW824P2EF wireless development module
1.2.4 Peripheral Module
In addition to the traffic signal control system, the traffic signal control system has a number of peripheral modules, including a countdown timer, a signal light, a remote control, and a pedestrian button. The countdown timer is used to display the duration of the traffic light; the remote control is used by the traffic personnel to be used as a traffic command under special circumstances; the pedestrian button is mainly set in a section with a small influence on the motor vehicle and the traffic line is long and has a single direction and fewer pedestrians. The road section, or the school gate, to ensure the safety of students crossing the street.
1.3 Video Surveillance SystemThe video surveillance system is divided into traffic video surveillance system, security bayonet system and electronic police system. The system mainly collects information through the camera, and then analyzes and processes the collected information.
1.3.1 Traffic Video Surveillance System
The front end of the traffic video surveillance system uses an IP high-definition camera or a high-speed dome camera to connect the video signal to the command center through a video transmission private network for storage, recall and playback. All high-definition video images are aggregated to the command center through the fiber-optic network, and are uniformly stored in the command center. The storage management strategy is uniformly managed through the central management platform, which greatly improves the flexibility of the storage system.
Figure 13 Traffic Video Surveillance System
1.3.2 Security bayonet system
The security bayonet system can automatically collect and process vehicle information on the monitored road surface, and provide information and credentials for vehicle-related criminal and public security cases, deck and black car tracing and detection; bayonet data can be used as vehicle traffic analysis, Basic information for discriminant analysis of sub-services such as traffic guidance guidance and traffic command system.
Figure 14 Security bayonet system
1.3.3 Electronic Police System
Electronic police means a system that can be installed at signal-controlled intersections and sections and automatically detect and record motor vehicle red light violations in designated lanes. After the technology is extended, it can also be used for automatic detection and recording of traffic violations such as retrograde, illegal lane change, and non-by-lane driving.
Figure 15 Electronic Police System
1.4 Traffic Guidance SystemThe traffic guidance system is based on modern technologies such as electronics, computers, networks and communications. It provides the best route guidance instructions to road users according to the starting point of the traveler or helps the road users find a point from the starting point to the destination by obtaining real-time traffic information. The optimal path. The characteristic of this kind of system is that the people, the car and the road are considered together, and the road traffic system is improved by inducing the travel behavior of the road users, and the occurrence of the blockage is placed. Reduce the length of time the vehicle stays on the road, and ultimately achieve a reasonable distribution of traffic flow on various sections of the road network.
The traffic guidance system is mainly composed of a traffic information control center, a communication system, and a traffic guidance information release system. The Traffic Information Control Center is responsible for collecting various real-time traffic information from the traffic network and processing the information; the communication system is responsible for data exchange between the information control center and the vehicles on the road; the traffic guidance information release system is mainly through various terminals. The induction information is released. Guangzhou Zhiyuan Electronics used the M6G2C series core board of Freescale i.MX6UL series Cortex-A7 processor as the controller to design a traffic guidance controller scheme. The controller serves as the terminal equipment of the induction system and receives the induction issued by the traffic command center. Information, control display terminal. The device can remotely upgrade the firmware through the network port and GPRS to reduce the workload in the later period. The scheme design of the controller is shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16 Traffic Guidance Controller Solution
1.5 Environmental adaptabilityThe intelligent traffic management system controller and its optional equipment will be tested through the actual simulation of harsh application conditions by Zhiyuan Electronics EMC Laboratory, Safety Laboratory, and Environmental Laboratory. Each discrete device can meet at least EMC Industrial Class III standards, with good static resistance, lightning surge resistance, electrical transient group pulse resistance, and extremely low EMI conduction disturbance; can achieve -40 ° C ~ + Industrial grade environmental adaptability at 85 °C. Provides a solid guarantee for the reliability and stability of the entire system.
1.6 Product Failure Analysis and Fault Detection Methods1.6.1 Geomagnetic module
The main problem of the geomagnetic module is the life of the battery. The module works underground, and the installation and maintenance are troublesome. The cost of replacing the battery is very high. The module is also eroded by water and dust, especially after repeated squeezing of a large number of traffic and heavy vehicles. The accuracy of the product is also one of the problems. The current battery life on the market can reach more than 5 years, and this service life can meet the needs of use. In terms of waterproof and dustproof, sealing with silica gel can get better results. In addition to physical protection, software testing is also important. The product is periodically and automatically calibrated to ensure measurement accuracy. At the same time, the self-test is performed periodically, the verification function is normal, and the test result is uploaded to the upper-level processor to provide information for product maintenance.
1.6.2 Traffic Management Control Chassis
The traffic management control cabinet is placed next to the road or suspended on the pole, and the working environment is relatively bad. It has been damaged by dust, rain, lightning, etc. for a long time, and there will be salt spray in special circumstances. In response to these natural damages, the structure of the chassis is designed with water resistance in mind, and it has a certain effect on dust prevention. The metal surfaces inside and outside the chassis are painted. The structure can withstand most of the damage, but a small part of the dust, water vapor, salt spray can still enter the chassis, so the PCB board of the internal controller of the chassis is coated with three anti-paint to resist erosion. In addition, the signal power supply of the signal source originates from the power grid used in the installation place, and there are voltage fluctuations, high harmonics, and pulse interference. This requires control of the power supply of the equipment inside the chassis with a wide voltage input function and good EMI protection. Protection against lightning surges is required on the communication cable and power cable.
Traffic signal control machine
The traffic signal control machine is the direct control part of the traffic signal. If a fault occurs, it will cause traffic chaos and even traffic accidents. The driving part of the signal machine is a power amplifying circuit, which is easily damaged. It is necessary to design a matching detection circuit to feed back the working state of the driving circuit to the signal control machine. The detection of the signal control machine is mainly completed by the traffic light fault monitor, and the redundant drive circuit and signal light are designed. When an abnormality occurs in a certain signal light, the redundant circuit can be put into operation in time, so that the normal operation of the traffic system is not affected. At the same time, the fault information is reported. In addition to physical protection, the product is periodically self-tested to confirm that the function is intact and the test information is uploaded to the superior management system.
2. The remaining controllers
The remaining controllers in the traffic management control chassis are all applying the same physical protection method. Each controller has a self-test program, and periodically performs self-tests, and then uploads the results of the self-test to the superior management center.
1.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Sensor
There are a large number of environmental sensors in the traffic management system, they have the same working environment and are similar in physical protection. The fault detection method of the sensor compares the collected data with the average data of the large environment. When the difference between the detected data and the average data of the large environment is large, it is necessary to check whether the environmental factor is faulty or the fault of the device itself.
1.7 Network Storm1.7.1 Definition of Network Storm
Due to the design and connection problems of the network topology, or other reasons, the broadcasts are copied in large numbers in the network segment, and the data frames are propagated, resulting in degraded network performance and even network failure. This is the network storm.
1.7.2 Contents of Network Storm
Each node on a data frame or packet transmitted to the local network segment (defined by the broadcast domain) is broadcast; due to the design and connection problems of the network topology, or other reasons, the broadcast is heavily replicated in the network segment, and the data frame is propagated. This leads to degraded network performance and even network failure. This is the broadcast storm. The broadcast storm phenomenon is one of the most common data flooding. It is a typical snowball effect. When broadcast storms occur, they will spread endlessly in the network. It can even breed without limit in the network. Excessive broadcast packets consume a lot of network bandwidth. Take up a lot of network resources. Causes normal packets to not be transmitted on the network. At this point, the network device processor is running at high load. Not only will network devices be affected. Moreover, all hosts must receive broadcast packets at the link layer, and thus tens of thousands of packets per second are often used to make the network card work extremely busy. Exceeded the load of the processor. The operating system of the device is slow to respond, and network communication is severely blocked. Seriously endangered the normal operation of the network, greatly reducing the communication performance of the entire Ethernet. It can even cause an overall flaw in the network.
1.7.3 Prevention of Network Storm
From the practical experience, more than 90% of network broadcast storms are caused by viruses. Therefore, anti-virus systems, IDS intrusion detection systems, and network traffic detection tools are installed in the LAN to strengthen the prevention and control of network viruses. Monitoring the operation status of the network line, timely discovering and handling abnormal traffic and virus attacks on the network, and formulating a computer security management system to ensure the normal operation of the network line.
Remember not to use a hub to set up a shared network. Instead, use a switch to form a switched network. Use proper VLANs, narrow broadcast domains to isolate broadcast storms, and enable broadcast storm control on Gigabit Ethernet ports on the switch. Limit the network to avoid being paralyzed again.
1.7.4 Troubleshooting Network Storms
Use the traffic viewing software such as MRGT to check the ports that are short-circuited. If the switch is network-managed, you can also search and find out by blocking the ports one by one, and then find the faulty device, and then check whether it is caused by a virus or hardware damage. The right medicine can be.
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