Solar power technology and green lighting bookmark0 Wang Jianhua Xiaogan College Urban Planning and Design Institute (432003) bookmark1 effectively solve the difficulties of residential lighting and living electricity. The paper proposes to make full use of solar energy, research and development and promote energy-saving green light source, which is an important measure to realize building green lighting and implement the national 'green lighting project'.: Solar power green lighting photovoltaic-building lighting integrated solar power generation is to use battery components The solar energy module (Solarclls) is a solid device that realizes the -V conversion by utilizing the electronic characteristics of the semiconductor material. In the vast area of ​​the non-power network, the device can conveniently realize the power supply for the user's lighting and life. The country can also complement the regional grid integration. At present, from the perspective of civil use, foreign technology research is becoming mature and industrialization is the 'photovoltaic-building (lighting) integration' technology, while the main domestic research and production is applicable to A small solar power system for home lighting in areas without electricity.
1 Solar power generation principle Solar power generation system mainly includes: solar cell module (array), controller, battery, inverter, user, ie lighting load.
Among them, the solar cell module and the battery are power supply systems, the controller and the inverter are control protection systems, and the load is a system terminal.
1.1 Solar power system Solar cells and batteries constitute the power unit of the system, so the battery performance directly affects the system's operating characteristics.
Due to technical and material reasons, the power generation of a single battery is very limited. A practical solar cell is a battery system in which a single battery is composed of a series and a parallel, which is called a battery assembly (array). A single cell is a silicon crystal diode that, under the conditions of a semiconductor material, is irradiated onto a PN junction of a homogeneous semiconductor material of two different conductivity types, P-type and N-type, under certain conditions. Solar radiation is absorbed by semiconductor materials, producing unbalanced carriers, electrons and holes, in the conduction and valence bands. The same PN junction barrier region has a strong built-in electrostatic field, so it can form current density J, short circuit current / sc, open circuit voltage Uoc under illumination. If both sides of the built-in electric field lead to the electrode and connect the load In theory, the circuit formed by the PN junction, the connection circuit and the load has a "photogenerated current" flowing through, and the solar cell module realizes the power P output to the load.
Theoretical studies have shown that the peak power Pk of a solar cell module is determined by the local average solar radiation intensity and the end of the electrical load (required power).
The direct current generated by the solar cell first enters the storage of the battery, and the characteristics of the battery affect the working efficiency and characteristics of the system. The battery technology is very mature, but its capacity is affected by the end of electricity demand, sunshine time (power generation time). Therefore, the battery watt hour capacity and ampere-hour capacity are determined by the predetermined continuous daylight-free time.
1.2 The main function of the controller controller is to keep the solar power system near the maximum power point for power generation for maximum efficiency. The charging control usually adopts pulse width modulation technology, that is, PWM control mode, so that the whole system always runs in the vicinity of the maximum power point Pm. Discharge control mainly refers to when the battery is short of power and the system is faulty, such as when the battery is open or reversed. At present, Hitachi has developed a / sunflower "type controller" that can track the control point Pm and track the solar movement parameters, and the efficiency of the fixed battery assembly is increased by about 50%.
5 Elastic metal plastic tile installation and operation should pay attention to matters Plastic tile is made of bronze wire wound elastic mat as a matrix and modified polytetrafluoroethylene composite. It has the characteristics of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, large load capacity, self-lubrication, small friction coefficient and good elasticity.
Plastic tile surface cleaning with clean gasoline, white cloth and brush should not be scratched with a hard scraper or other utensils.
The installation and adjustment of the plastic tile can be carried out according to the installation and adjustment requirements of the Babbitt alloy in the technical specification of the installation of the hydro-generator set. The roughness of the mirror plate should be less than 2Lm. When the scratch of the plastic tile is less than 20Lm, the metallographic sandpaper can be used. Smooth the upper part and notify the manufacturer to study and deal with it when the scratch reaches 50Lm.
Oil quality and oil level should be strictly controlled in plastic tile bearings.
Conventional control of plastic tile temperature does not exceed 65 ° C. 23) (Edit this column in this column) inverter according to the incentive mode, can be divided into self-excited oscillation inverter and other excitation oscillation inverter. The main function is to invert the DC power of the battery into AC power. Through the full-bridge circuit, the SPWM processor is generally modulated, filtered, boosted, etc., and the sinusoidal AC power matched with the lighting load frequency/, rated voltage Un, etc. is used by the end user of the system.
2 Efficiency of solar power generation system In the solar power generation system, the total efficiency of the system Gese is composed of the PV conversion rate of the battery component, the controller efficiency, the battery efficiency, the efficiency of the inverter, and the efficiency of the load. However, compared with solar cell technology, the technology and production level of other units such as controllers, inverters and lighting loads are much more mature, and the current conversion rate of the system is only about 17%. Therefore, improving the conversion rate of battery components and reducing the unit cost are the key and difficult points of solar power industrialization. Since the advent of solar cells, crystalline silicon has maintained its dominance as a protagonist.
At present, the research on the conversion rate of silicon cells mainly focuses on increasing the energy absorption surface, such as double-sided batteries, reducing reflection; using the gettering technology to reduce the compounding of semiconductor materials; the battery is ultra-thin; improving the theory and establishing a new model; Concentrated batteries, etc. The conversion efficiency of several solar cells is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Conversion Efficiency of Several Solar Cells Laboratory Typical Battery Commercial Thin Film Battery Various Solar Cells Monocrystalline Silicon Polycrystalline Copper Indium Gallium Selenium Hoofed Copper Copper Indium Selenium 3 Building Green Lighting Making full use of solar energy is one of the important contents of green lighting. In fact, the green lighting in the true sense includes at least: the high efficiency of the lighting system, high stability, and energy-efficient green light source.
3.1 Power Generation - Architectural Lighting Integration Currently, solar modules and building components have been successfully integrated, such as solar roofs (tops), walls, doors and windows, etc., to achieve / photovoltaic-building lighting integration (BIPV)". June 1997, The United States has announced the presidential name of the "Solar Million Rooftop Ge", which will implement solar power systems for 1 million homes by 2010. Japan's 'New Sunshine Plan' has reduced the installed cost of photovoltaic building components to 170 by the year 2000. ~210 yen/W, the annual output of solar cells is 10MW, and the battery cost is reduced to 25~30 yen/W. On May 14, 1999, Germany built the world's first zero-emission solar module in just one year and two months. The plant is fully powered by renewable energy and does not emit CO2 during production. The south wall of the plant is a PV array glass curtain wall of about 10m high, including roof PV modules. The entire factory building is equipped with 575m2 solar modules. Providing more than one-third of the electrical energy for the building, the combination of wall and roof PV module design, color, architectural style and building, and the integration with the surrounding natural environment The coordination of beauty. The building also has a capacity of about 45 kW. It is supplied by a thermal power plant fueled by natural vegetable oil. The CO2 produced by burning rapeseed oil is basically balanced with the CO2 required for the growth of rapeseed. It is a true zero-emission plant. BIPV also pays attention to the research of architectural decoration art. In the Czech Republic, the German WIP company cooperated with the Czech Republic to build the world's first color PV curtain wall. India's West Bengal has installed a domestic Changzhou Tianhe Aluminum Plate Curtain Wall Manufacturing Co., Ltd. for 117 villagers in a non-electric island to develop a solar house, which integrates power generation, energy conservation, environmental protection and value into one room. Combined with building technology, called Solar Building System (SPBS), SPBS has been expertly demonstrated on September 20, 2000. Recently, the first solar-integrated public toilet in China was built in Pudong, Shanghai. All electricity is powered by rooftop solar energy. Battery supply. This will effectively promote the industrialization and marketization of solar energy buildings.
3.2 Green lighting source research The green lighting system optimization design requires high light output output under low energy consumption and prolongs the service life of the lamp. Therefore, the DC-AC inverter design should obtain reasonable filament warm-up time and voltage and current waveforms of the excitation lamp. At present, there are four typical circuits for the excitation mode of solar lighting sources in research and development: 1 self-excited push-pull oscillation circuit, which is preheated by the filament series starter. The main parameters of the light source system are: input voltage DC=12V, output light efficiency>495Lm/branch, lamp rated efficiency 9W, effective life 3200h, continuous opening times>1000 times. 2 self-excited push-pull oscillation (simple) circuit, the main parameters of the light source system are: input voltage DC=12V, lamp power 9W, output light efficiency 315Lm/branch, continuous start times>1500 times. 3 self-excited single-tube oscillation circuit, filament series relay preheating start mode. * High-efficiency, energy-saving green light source in the form of self-excited single-tube oscillation (simple) circuits.
4 Conclusion Green energy and sustainable development issues are major issues facing humanity in this century. The development of new energy sources and the full and rational use of existing energy sources have received great attention from governments. As an inexhaustible and clean energy source, solar power will be developed as never before. With the deepening of solar energy industrialization and technology development, its efficiency and cost performance will be improved. It will be widely used in various fields including BIPV, and will also greatly promote the rapid development of China/Green Lighting Project. development of.
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