Since the 1970s, urban landscape lighting has gradually formed a trend in the world, and it has received more and more attention. From the domestic situation, China's high-speed urbanization process provides a sufficient carrier for urban landscape lighting.
But there are also some problems in this. First, urban landscape lighting is often driven by big events. Due to the urgency of time, there is a lack of sufficient time for a complete process from overall planning to subordinate planning, and there is also a lack of rigorous funding, social effects and economic benefits. The feasibility argument is very random. Second, the design scheme lacks the evaluation mechanism of superiority and inferiority, which is often determined by the preferences of the supervisors. As a result, the urban landscape lighting tends to be quick and profitable, chasing the dramatic effect, and the aesthetics of landscape lighting tends to be “bright and beautiful, and the colors are complex and beautiful. It’s beautiful when it’s flashing.†Third, landscape lighting is an emerging industry. There is also an efficient operating mechanism in the industry. Many practitioners lack certain professional training.
Orderly good urban landscape lighting, first of all must be based on good value orientation and value judgment, and then through the clear planning and design of the various stages of content, standardize the process to ensure the implementation process. In order to ensure better implementation of lighting planning and design, it is necessary to establish a platform for information exchange, so that designers, manufacturers, owners and other related parties can communicate effectively and reduce information asymmetry.
The value of urban lighting
Urban landscape lighting is a means of improving the city's appearance, and it can bring relatively large changes to the city in a short period of time with a relatively small price. At present, the primary driving force for implementing landscape lighting in many cities is to improve the city's appearance and display the city's good image.
The value of urban landscape lighting is also reflected in the humanities. The first personal value is humanistic care, and good lighting can provide a better and safer urban living environment for the people. For example, after the intervention of lighting in Sanhe Sanyuan of Changzhou, the use of waterfront features created a safe and casual living environment for the citizens. The second personal value is to highlight the historical inheritance and recognition of the city. For example, there is a prominent geographical feature in the central area of ​​Ningbo City, which is the parallel flow of the Three Rivers. The Yuyao River and the Fenghua River merge into the Lancang River in the “Sanjiangkou†of the city and flow into the East China Sea. Grasping this feature, different rivers are represented by different colors, and the color changes are used to express the ebb and flow and the direction of water flow, thus expressing the cultural and geographical characteristics of Ningbo port city.
In addition, lighting not only has humanistic value, but also increases the release of urban cultural information, and also has economic benefits and creates new value. For example, the Longmen Grottoes have been transformed by lighting, which has stimulated more tourists to come and watch the night scenes. The investment will be recovered in just three months. The reason is that the lighting method before the renovation is only trying to restore some of the carriers during the day, without increasing the amount of new information, it is difficult to attract tourists who have already traveled during the day to travel. After the renovation of the lighting, the use of precise control projection technology virtualized the different historical traces of the grotto at any time, providing more historical information and giving it updated value. This is indirectly promoting economic development by promoting the development of historical and cultural heritage and tourism.
Focus on planning and design
There are several genres of lighting planning: represented by North America, which only focuses on energy and safety issues; with Europe as the representative, it pays more attention to the shaping of aesthetics and urban identity images; and is represented by Asian cities such as Singapore and Seoul. It takes implementation guarantee as the core, pays close attention to how to implement it and correspondingly supports policies and management systems. In China, the concept of lighting planning has not yet been clearly defined. The overall planning is called planning, the detailed planning is also called planning, and the final design is still called planning.
Lighting planning, which means a comprehensive long-term lighting plan, is divided into several levels. The first is the city's master plan, which proposes the structure of the entire city, lists important sections, proposes point-to-face relationships, and manages partitions. Then there is the detailed planning of the city, and the lighting design concept of the whole city is proposed. After the urban planning is the detailed planning of the street, and finally the lighting design of a single building. The master plan is presented in two-dimensional drawings, intended to establish a management plan, detailed planning of the design theme, imagery, style, etc., and then guide the specific project design through detailed planning of the theme. Detailed planning does not emphasize individual characteristics, but emphasizes regional commonality, and the project design emphasizes the problem of single or how to achieve.
Taking the detailed planning of landscape lighting in Yuzhong Peninsula in Chongqing as an example, the first thing is to explore the humanities and characteristics of Chongqing. In terms of natural conditions, Chongqing is surrounded by mountains, the two rivers meet, and there are a large number of virgin forests. This geographical condition makes Chongqing often enveloped in fog, which can summarize the characteristics of mountains, water, fog, forests, poetry and songs. Most of the hand-painted paintings use the elements of mountains, water, fog, and forests to describe Chongqing, so these elements can be used as a source of intentional expression. Then, from the perspective of planning, start different group classifications, establish plans, and assign different themes to each group.
Edit: Sophy
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