OLED technology has long been celebrated for its ultra-thin design, self-luminous properties, wide viewing angles, and near-infinite contrast. These features have made it a popular choice in the display industry. With Apple's adoption of Samsung's OLED screen on the iPhone X, OLED has taken on the title of "next-generation display technology." But is OLED really the future of TV displays? What lies beneath its promising facade?
**The Dark Side of OLED**
Despite its many advantages, OLED is not without its flaws. The term "dirty OLED" refers to some of the persistent issues that have plagued this technology for decades. Since its discovery by Chinese scientist Deng Qingyun in 1979, OLED has had nearly 40 years of development, yet some fundamental problems remain unsolved.
One of the most well-known issues is image retention or "burn-in." This occurs when static images are displayed for extended periods, especially with high contrast between bright and dark areas. After the image is changed, parts of the original image may still linger on the screen. In mild cases, the residual image fades over time, but prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage. This problem stems from the inherent weaknesses of organic materials used in OLEDs.
Another challenge is low luminous efficiency, particularly in blue pixels. While OLEDs are energy-efficient when displaying black screens because they don’t need to power up all pixels, they struggle when showing bright white scenes. In such cases, OLEDs consume more power than LCDs, which can be a drawback in terms of energy efficiency.
**Cost and Performance: A Balancing Act**
OLED’s strengths—such as high contrast and wide color gamut—are impressive, but they come at a cost. Traditional LCD technology, under similar manufacturing conditions, can match or even surpass OLED in key performance metrics.
For instance, high-end LCDs now use HDR technology and advanced local dimming to achieve high contrast ratios. IPS LCDs also offer wide viewing angles, often exceeding 160 degrees. While OLED still holds an edge in these areas, the visual differences for consumers are becoming increasingly negligible.
In terms of color accuracy, OLEDs boast a full 100% NTSC color gamut. However, LCDs using quantum dot technology can go beyond that, reaching up to 110% NTSC. Quantum dots allow for more vibrant and accurate colors, giving users a richer visual experience.
**Self-Luminescence Is the Future, But Not Just OLED**
While OLED represents self-luminous technology, it is not the only player in the field. According to market data, global LCD TV shipments reached 142 million units in 2016, while OLED TVs only accounted for around 900,000 units. By 2017, LCD sales were expected to hit 173 million, with OLED sales ranging between 1.6 and 1.7 million units. Clearly, OLED is still far behind in terms of volume.
From a technical perspective, self-luminescent displays will eventually replace traditional LCD backlights. However, technologies like quantum dots are emerging as strong alternatives. They offer better performance, lower costs, and greater stability.
**The Rise of Quantum Dots**
Chinese TV manufacturer Hisense has already made its own predictions about the future of display technology. It believes that quantum dots, as a new semiconductor nanomaterial, hold great potential for next-generation displays. Early applications of quantum dot films have already improved LED television color quality significantly.
Through the QDCF (Quantum Dot Color Filter) method, quantum dot materials will be widely used in LCD panels, greatly enhancing image quality. At the QLED stage, TVs can not only emit light and display more flexibly but also be more cost-effective, energy-efficient, and stable.
In 2013, Hisense introduced ULED, which significantly improved local dimming technology. Combining local dimming with quantum dot display technology is a proven way to enhance picture quality. The company plans to launch new quantum dot display products in 2019, followed by QLED TVs later on.
Compared to OLED, which has faced challenges in both cost and scalability, ULED and quantum dot technology offer a more balanced approach. As LCDs continue to dominate the market, quantum dot films are being used to improve image quality, and QLEDs represent the future of self-luminous displays. This could help overcome many of the current limitations of OLED.
In conclusion, while OLED has its strengths, it still has a long road ahead to become the dominant display technology. Technologies like quantum dots and QLED offer viable alternatives that could shape the future of television displays.
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