With the development of digitally controlled machine tools, many machining processes have become easier. Through the analysis of the function and method of tool compensation in CNC machine tools, this paper explains how to use this function to increase the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece, improve the quality and production efficiency of the tool, reduce the production cost, and expect to provide some valuable value to the workshop production. Information.
Different price and type of machine tools have different configurations. Among them, the economical machine tool lacks the function of tool compensation, so in the production process, the machining path size processing program of the tool position can only be manually operated; while the CNC lathe can follow the tool workpiece. The contour and dimensions are automatically calculated to automatically adjust the tool point to the trajectory of the tool workpiece. These two different types of lathes exhibit significant differences in efficiency and quality in production. Therefore, the increasing occupation of CNC lathes has become the choice of many enterprise factories. Firstly, analyze the tool compensation function of the CNC lathe. Tool compensation 1. The necessity of tool compensation When the CNC lathe is programmed by itself, the working position of each tool is generally set at the fixed position of the tool holder. The position of the tool tip is the same every time. However, due to the size and shape of the tool during the actual operation, it is often impossible to position the tool tip in the same position every time. When the tool is changed, due to the manual error of the wear and tear, the position of the tool tip of the newly installed tool cannot be overlapped with the position of the tool tip of the previous tool, and the error is inevitably generated. In order to compensate for the effects of errors caused by these factors, tool compensation must be performed, otherwise the machined parts will differ in shape and size from the parts required for design.
2. The role of tool compensation On the one hand, the tool compensation compensates for the numerical deviation between the tool used in the machining process and the tool used in the design. On the other hand, it ensures that the part specifications and the parts and specifications of the production and processing are consistent in the drawing design.
3. Tool compensation representation method In the machining process of parts, often more than one tool is installed. When programming, the center position of the tool holder is often the programming origin. The trajectory and wear values ​​of the tool during machining are controlled and adjusted by tool position compensation. Before the concept of tool compensation was proposed, the shop floor staff could clearly see the deviation between the contour and size of the workpiece and the central motion trajectory of the tool. When the end mill is machining the workpiece, the contour of the workpiece is enveloped, making this deviation clear at a glance. The representation of tool position compensation is not a single representation, but is represented by a combination of multiple compensation values. The tool position compensation includes the wear compensation value of the machined workpiece and the geometric value compensation of the tool. These two kinds of compensation are compensated by the combination of wear offset and geometric offset, which is the total compensation of the tool position. Tool position total compensation The corresponding memory unit number in the lathe CNC system can correspond to the tool at different positions and the corresponding offset value of the reverse line, and can cancel the tool position compensation if the programming needs are reset. This flexibility makes CNC lathes easier and faster to operate with high workloads. Tool position compensation in CNC lathe machining 1. Compensation of tool geometry position The coordinate value between the position of the tool position when the tool is installed before the part machining and the position of the optimal tool position during programming is tested. method. The main steps of the trial cutting method are as follows: 1 First establish the coordinate system of the lathe. The center of a chuck is used as the reference origin. After starting the machine, the zeroing operation is performed to establish the coordinate system of the lathe. 2 "Select a tool (usually with a fine army knife), empty the tool compensation value. First test the end face, manually exit the tool, enter Z0 in the tool compensation table No. 001, the system automatically calculates the first tool Z-direction tool compensation value. Manually test the outer circle, manually exit the tool, measure the trial value, select the tool compensation table, input the measured value, and the lathe CNC system will automatically calculate the X-knife compensation value of the first knife. 3 After changing the tool, try to cut the outer diameter of the part by trial cutting, retract the tool along the X direction, and input the measured Z axis length value into the Z value of No. 002 in the tool compensation table. At this time, the lathe CNC system The tool compensation value in the Z direction of the second tool will be automatically calculated. 4 and so on, measuring the tool compensation value of other tools is the same as the tool setting method of the second tool.
2. The position of the tool tip compensates that the tool tip is a point. Once it enters the production process, the tool tip will be worn away quickly, forming a very small arc. As the processing time increases, the error of this arc facing the part processing is gradually increasing. To solve this problem, (information source: http://) must perform tool arc position radius compensation. The shape and position of the tip are represented by points in the actual operation, but in theory they exist in the form of a face whose cross section is an arc. When installing the tool, it can be installed in either direction as long as the knife base allows it. In order to be able to position the tool tip, the tool tip position is accurately compensated and the tool tip position code is defined. The tool nose position compensation needs to be combined with the tool geometry position compensation to calculate the overall compensation value of the position.
3. The two-compensation synthetic lathe CNC system automatically performs each step according to the numerical parameters of the tool compensation value and the arc radius compensation value stored in the memory. The system automatically corrects the position value of the tool and the radius of the tool nose arc according to the stored compensation value to ensure that the wear value generated by the tool after a period of use is effectively corrected. If both compensation values ​​are present, the lathe CNC system will provide the sum of the two compensation values ​​for position compensation during the actual operation. Tool Position Compensation Method 1. The absolute coordinate method is modified at the position of the tool offset 001, 002, 003 or 004. If the workpiece size is large, the tool compensation value is reduced; if the workpiece size is small, the tool compensation value is increased. For example, at 004, the workpiece size is reduced by 0.2mm, and the tool compensation value is displayed as T4.3, then the tool compensation value is increased by 0.2mm, and T4.7 is input to increase the 004 tool compensation.
2. Relative coordinate method In the above method, for example, input M+0.2 at 004, and position compensation can also be achieved. The significance of tool position compensation Tool compensation greatly improves the numerical accuracy of the workpiece during the machining of the workpiece on the CNC lathe. It's easier and easier to write programs, saving a lot of time. Producing the same size of the workpiece, the manufacturer using the tool position compensation can save more time, which is especially important for strengthening the competition of the enterprise. As a leader in China's tool companies, Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group has been doing a good job in this respect. By advancing with the times, introducing the most advanced technology to overcome the problems in production, the production efficiency has been improved several times. Tool compensation in CNC lathes reduces manpower and material resources and brings great benefits to shop floor management. The simplified program helps the tool to still produce consistent workpieces in the event of wear.
CNC machine tools are highly automated mechanical production equipment. When machining workpieces, pay attention to the characteristics of different tools, observe tool wear and tool radius. Give full play to the technical advantages of CNC lathes and summarize them in the production process.
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