This paper presents a thermal analysis of sealed outdoor cabinets and internal equipment using finite element analysis software. By simulating fluid flow and temperature distribution under various structural configurations and fluid control strategies, the study investigates how different conditions affect internal flow and temperature fields. These findings offer valuable theoretical support for the practical design and optimization of outdoor cabinet systems.
With the increasing demand for substation operations and technological advancements, the integration of primary and secondary equipment has led to significant changes in the configuration and installation of intelligent terminal devices. Previously, these devices were often placed in indoor open layouts, but now they are increasingly being installed in outdoor sealed enclosures. In such environments, solar radiation and heat generated by the equipment itself can cause internal temperatures to rise beyond acceptable limits. Prolonged operation under such conditions may degrade component performance and lead to device failures, ultimately affecting system stability. Therefore, managing internal temperatures within sealed outdoor cabinets is a critical challenge in their design.
Currently, finite element analysis is widely used for thermal load design in complex systems. This paper employs SolidWorks Simulation software to analyze the flow and temperature fields inside an outdoor cabinet. This approach not only provides a more intuitive visualization of thermal behavior but also enhances the accuracy and readability of simulation results. Furthermore, based on these simulations, local structural adjustments can be made easily, allowing for iterative improvements in the overall design.
Heat transfer occurs through three main mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation.
1. Conduction is the primary method of heat transfer in solids. The rate of heat transfer depends on the material’s thermal conductivity, the temperature difference across the material, the area of contact, and is inversely proportional to the thickness of the material.
2. Convection involves the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a nearby fluid. The amount of heat transferred is influenced by the convective heat transfer coefficient, the surface area, and the temperature difference between the solid and the fluid.
3. Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic waves from an object at a certain temperature. The intensity of thermal radiation is proportional to the object's surface area, its emissivity, and the fourth power of its absolute temperature.
In designing heat dissipation for sealed outdoor cabinets, engineers apply these principles to optimize the structure, arrange internal components efficiently, and choose appropriate cooling methods to ensure that the internal components remain within safe operating temperatures.
To perform the simulation, a mathematical model was established based on fundamental equations governing fluid dynamics and heat transfer.
The governing equations include the continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation, which describe the behavior of fluid flow and heat transfer under steady-state conditions.
The continuity equation is:
$$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial w}{\partial z} = 0 $$
Where $u$, $v$, and $w$ are the velocity components in the $x$, $y$, and $z$ directions, respectively.
The momentum equation is:
Where $p$ is the pressure and $\mu$ is the dynamic viscosity.
The energy equation is:
$$ \rho c_p \left( u \frac{\partial T}{\partial x} + v \frac{\partial T}{\partial y} + w \frac{\partial T}{\partial z} \right) = k \left( \frac{\partial^2 T}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2 T}{\partial y^2} + \frac{\partial^2 T}{\partial z^2} \right) $$
Through solving these equations, the simulation provides detailed information about the velocity components $u$, $v$, $w$, pressure $p$, and temperature $T$ at each point in the fluid domain under steady-state conditions.
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