The lighting quality in a computer room plays a crucial role in not only the work efficiency and physical and mental well-being of operators and maintenance staff, but also in ensuring the stable and reliable operation of electronic equipment. Therefore, careful consideration must be given to lighting control methods, lamp types, layout, and related equipment during the design and construction of an electronic equipment room.
China’s computer room lighting design standards primarily focus on illumination levels. Illuminance (E) refers to the amount of light falling on a surface, measured as the luminous flux per unit area. It is calculated as E = φ/S, where φ is the luminous flux and S is the surface area. The unit of illuminance is lux (Lx).
When designing lighting for equipment rooms, it is essential to consider factors such as uniformity of illumination, stability, color rendering, glare, and shadows. These elements significantly impact both operators and maintenance personnel. Since different functional areas within a central computer room have varying tasks, their lighting requirements also differ. For instance, the average illumination on vertical working surfaces at 1400mm height should exceed 500Lx.
The standards for average illuminance, glare limits, and other technical specifications, including layout, size, human-machine environment, humidity, and electromagnetic interference, are clearly outlined in the architectural design standard GB50034-2004.
1. The host room should have an average illuminance of 300 or 500Lx. 2. The basic workroom and first-class auxiliary rooms should have an average illuminance of 100, 150, or 200Lx. 3. Second and third-class auxiliary rooms should follow current lighting standards. Additionally, the relationship between the operating environment and illuminance levels is defined—such as low values for intermittent operations, medium for continuous operations, and high for long-term operations.
In general lighting design for a computer room, the layout of the lighting should take into account aesthetics, location importance, and equipment placement. From an aesthetic perspective, lamps should be evenly distributed, maintaining consistent spacing in both horizontal and vertical directions based on the room's size. The direction of the luminaire should be considered, and the placement should avoid shadows and facilitate maintenance.
Lighting design must meet illumination, uniformity, and glare limit standards. Five key criteria include: illuminance level, brightness distribution, glare protection, spatial light distribution, and color rendering. These are important for both ambient and artificial lighting, as well as for environments with combined lighting conditions. Large computer rooms should prioritize energy-efficient, eco-friendly lighting to enhance comfort and safety.
When selecting materials for lighting equipment, lamps without starters or electronic ballasts, anti-blacklight lamps, and those that can assist in air conditioning return airflow are preferred. Luminaires should have an efficiency of at least 65% (with glass or transparent plastic covers), while louvered luminaires should have over 60% efficiency. It is recommended to use high-grade electroplated grids matched with the ceiling, paired with grid-type fluorescent lamps. A common specification is 600×1200 mm with PHILIPS tubes, offering high brightness, no glare, uniform illumination, and quick start-up. This creates a safe, efficient, and comfortable working environment.
Computer room lighting systems often use multiple sets of 3×36W embedded grille light panels (600×1200 mm), one of which is connected to a UPS power supply. Choosing the right light source and lamp type is critical. After selecting a light source that meets color rendering, startup time, and illumination requirements, the lamp model and specifications are determined through a comprehensive evaluation of efficiency, lifespan, and cost.
Emergency lighting is also an essential component of computer room lighting systems. Two common approaches are using a UPS in the lighting circuit or employing emergency fluorescent lamps with a 15-minute battery backup. The average illuminance for emergency lighting is typically 60Lx. Power is usually supplied by the main grid, switching to the emergency system when the main power fails.
To assess the consistency of lighting, the concept of illuminance uniformity is introduced. It is the ratio of the minimum illuminance to the average illuminance on a horizontal plane 0.75 m above the floor. To ensure even lighting, the arrangement of luminaires should result in a uniformity ratio greater than 0.7. If this is not achieved, lamps should be reselected and rearranged for optimal performance.
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