Some people say that in the circle of technology blogs, wearable devices are a word that people want to sleep. It has been noisy for at least a year, and 2014 will be a breakthrough year for wearable devices. There are also many wearable devices on display at this year's CES. Although the industry is not in the same breath as the industry, the problem is that no device can persuade most people to "wear" it. In addition to the illusory rhetoric of “experienceâ€, it may be technically long-term.
Difficulties: still need to overcome
Achieving the lowest possible system power consumption is a major technical challenge for wearable devices, as well as the use of innovative algorithms and sensors.
Currently, wearable devices basically measure related indicators through various sensors, with MCU or AP as the main control, plus traditional Bluetooth, low-power Bluetooth or NFC technologies for wireless communication. Although these technologies are relatively mature, the need to combine them to fit wearable devices is far from being as simple as building blocks.
Yan Yong, manager of business development at Texas Instruments MSP430 China, told the China Electronics News that there are two major difficulties in terms of technology: First, wearable devices are battery-powered and require long standby. And the use of time to achieve the lowest possible system power consumption is the main technical challenge. The second is to achieve the measurement of physical data such as heartbeat, the need to use innovative algorithms and sensors, which is a new field for developers.
Shi Jingyan, senior marketing director of NXP's Greater China Mobile Devices and Computing Products Division, said that power consumption, battery life and sensors are factors that hinder the development of the wearable device market, and these areas will continue to be the focus of innovation in the future. Qian Zhijun, sales director of Broadcom China, believes that compactness and portability are important features of wearable devices, and the challenge from power consumption is of concern.
From the actual design point of view, there are still many details to be considered. Xi Jinmiao, senior market engineer of the Applied Products Division (Medical) of ON Semiconductor, pointed out that there are no insurmountable obstacles in the technology of wearable hearing aids. There are still some challenges in design, such as how to provide in the overall system. Excellent sound quality and computing power? How to minimize energy consumption at low supply voltages (possibly as low as 1.0V)? How to minimize physical size? In terms of signal processing hardware platform, how to choose the appropriate DSP architecture and DSP? How to improve software flexibility? How to choose the right wireless connection technology. These "details" may determine the ultimate success or failure.
And letting wearable devices "bring your strength" is the best choice. Scott A. McGregor, president and CEO of Broadcom, and board members, can take advantage of the powerful processing power of existing smartphones and tablets to handle data collected by wearable devices such as vital signs, athletic metrics or sleep quality. In this way, the requirements for the processing power of the wearable device can be reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced, and the cost of the wearable device can also be reduced, and the consumer can purchase at a lower price.
MCU: Cortex-M series dominates
Extremely long battery life is a key design factor for most wearable devices, and ARM Cortex-M processor-based MCUs are the best solution.
As the master of wearable devices, MCU achieves the highest "survival rule" for low power consumption. From the market point of view, ARM-based Cortex-M has advantages in low-power applications, but Cortex-A-based MCUs have also appeared in the wearable device market.
Raman Sharma, director of marketing for Silicon Labs Americas, believes that while Cortex-A-based product concept design is highly advertised, the design is impractical to meet the ultra-low power requirements of most wearable devices today. He further explained that although the ARM Cortex-A series of MCUs are an excellent choice for Android-based portable devices, these devices are designed based on frequent charging. The high performance of Cortex-A in wearable devices comes at the cost of high energy consumption, which allows only a few days of operation on a single charge. Because long battery life is a key design factor for most wearable devices, ARM Cortex-M-based MCUs are the best solution for wearable device designs.
From the market point of view, most manufacturers tend to adopt the Cortex-M core. According to Ren Yuan, senior market engineer of STMicroelectronics, most of the microcontrollers in wearable devices are based on ARM cores, such as ST STM32 series MCUs based on Cortex-M core, in low power consumption and small package. Get the favor of the industry. Xi Jinmiao said that the Ensemite Ezairo 7100 system-on-chip, which uses a 4-core architecture, includes a fully programmable dual-MAC 24-bit DSP core, an ARM Cortex-M3 processor core that supports wireless protocols, and a highly flexible HEAR configurable accelerator engine.
Wireless technology: mutual length
Existing wireless technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the industry still lacks wireless communication standards that combine the advantages of wireless technology while overcoming its shortcomings.
As wearable devices become more prevalent, the use of wireless technology for connectivity will be key to their potential. Who can win in the various wireless connection technologies? The choice of semiconductor manufacturers is either a single flowering or a multi-way approach, but in any case, the problem of "dead" power consumption.
According to Raman Sharma, Bluetooth low energy is considered the ideal low-power, point-to-point wireless connectivity solution for wearable products for fitness trackers and smart watches connected to smartphones. Ren Yuan also said that due to the low power consumption requirements, Bluetooth is still suitable for wearable devices. ROHM also said that Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are currently available. Due to the convenience of connection and low power consumption, Bluetooth is especially optimistic about the future application of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology.
"Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have their own advantages. We will choose the appropriate communication technology according to the design of the product." Zheng Shuren, vice president and head of marketing department of Sony Mobile Communications Greater China, said, "At present, most of Sony The hardware basically implements the built-in NFC chip, which can easily realize the one-touch connection between the device and the device, and does not require a complicated pairing process."
Shi Jingyan also believes that wireless connectivity technology has multiple options, including BLE, Zigbee or other mesh network protocols and NFC. From a low-power communication and security perspective, NFC will play a key role in wearables.
Also of note is the availability of ultra low power (ULP) connections. Nordic CEO Svenn-Tore Larsen believes that today's smartphones and tablets with Bluetooth v4.0 (or Bluetooth Smart Ready) are typically implemented with accessories that include Bluetooth low energy (BLE) or ANT+ULP technology. Seamless wireless communication, which provides a catalyst for a new generation of smart watches, and Nordic offers a solution for both RF software protocols.
From the specific application point of view, wireless technology also needs to be "divided into categories." In wireless technology for hearing aids, including Near Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI), Bluetooth, and 2.4 GHz wireless technology. Xi Jinmiao pointed out that NFMI has a limited distance, but the energy consumption is extremely low, which is suitable for wireless communication between hearing aids. The 2.4GHz wireless technology has a longer range (about 7 to 9 meters), but it consumes more energy and is suitable for wireless communication between hearing aids and other electronic devices such as smartphones. Bluetooth is typically used for wireless communication between a relay device and a Bluetooth-compatible audio source. "The existing wireless technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. The industry still lacks the wireless communication standard for hearing aids that combines the advantages of the above wireless technologies while overcoming its shortcomings." Xi Jinmiao said, "A feasible way is to use 'double. Wireless 'technology, such as the ON Semiconductor Ezario 7100, is compatible with both NFMI and 2.4GHz RF technology."
From a trend perspective, powerful wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC and GPS have laid the foundation, and wireless combo chips are also rapidly developing in this field. Qian Zhijun believes that wearable devices need a convenient but advanced technology to power them. Wireless combination solutions require not only high integration, but also a significant reduction in power consumption.
Sensor: the wind is still strong
In the future, mobile medical will be gradually integrated into wearable devices, and more and more biological and optical sensors will be added to wearable devices to test health indicators.
At the wearable device level, the sensor is definitely a "big head." Ren Yuan said that there are many sensors on the market including accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, barometers and thermometers and hygrometers. These sensors can be used to perform various motion recognition and gesture recognition to help consumers achieve healthy applications. He further pointed out that in the future, mobile medical will be gradually integrated into wearable devices, and more and more biological and optical sensors will be added to wearable devices to test health indicators such as blood pressure, blood oxygen, heart rate and the like.
With the development of wearable medical devices, sensors that can achieve medical indicators (such as temperature, blood sugar, etc.) monitoring and health monitoring will have a broad space for development. Shi Jingyan said that the current demand for MEM-type motion and position sensors dominates, but environmental sensors and biosensors have great potential for growth in this market's key growth areas.
In addition, the sensor also puts new requirements on the interface circuit. Xi Jinmiao said that sensors tend to be smaller in size and lower in energy consumption, while requiring a custom sensor interface application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). For example, sensors may require high voltage bias while generating very low level signals. The sensor interface ASIC can integrate high voltage and low voltage circuits, reducing complexity and is superior to discrete device solutions. At the same time, the sensor interface ASIC solution provides high signal path isolation and low noise, making it ideal for sensor applications.
Manufacturer's point of view
Nordic CEO Svenn-Tore Larsen
Wireless connectivity technology drives new application development
From the application point of view, smart watches and compact wireless sensors use Bluetooth v4.0 (recently upgraded to Bluetooth v4.1) to provide wireless connectivity, which is currently very representative in wearable device technology. At the same time, they can take advantage of ANT+ULP wireless technology (a competitive technology for Bluetooth low energy technology for wireless sensors). Whether it's Bluetooth or ANT technology, connectivity between wearables and mobile devices will drive the development of a large number of new applications. Bluetooth Smart Ready devices that natively support Bluetooth v4.0 and run under iOS, Windows 8, or Android operating systems are now widely used. These devices can be seamlessly paired with smart watches, allowing users to read text, view callers, and even Use the app on your smartphone.
Nordic's latest product, the nRF51 series, is an optimized 2.4GHz ULP wireless connectivity solution. The nRF51 family of system-on-chip (SoC) combines innovative hardware to greatly simplify and speed up code development.
Ren Yuan Semiconductor (ST) Senior Market Engineer Ren Yuan
Consider data security
Wearable device data needs to be analyzed in the cloud, and developers need to integrate with cloud server providers. At present, more and more cloud server providers and Internet providers have joined the development of wearable devices. By providing hardware to obtain basic data of customers and establishing back-end databases, the security of these data is required by Internet companies. Consider the issue.
STMicroelectronics can provide modules such as microcontrollers, sensors, Bluetooth low energy, and power management chips for wearable devices. Through cooperation with mainstream manufacturers in the industry, it successfully integrates cutting-edge technologies with low-power MCUs and assists them in building the entire ecosystem. ST offers low-power MCUs that are best suited for wearable devices, such as the STM32L family, which turns on RTC in low-power mode and requires only 800nA of RAM data to be kept to a minimum.
Manager of Business Development, MSP430 China, Texas Instruments
Complete system level solution to assist design
For the two major challenges of wearable device design, TI's products and solutions have the following two advantages to help customers easily design wearable devices: The first is a complete and highly integrated low-power hardware platform. First, TI's MSP430 microcontroller is the industry's lowest power, most serialized ultra-low-power microcontroller family. We offer more than 400 MSP430 models, over 25 package modes (minimum 2mm x 2mm size), and support up to 512KB Flash/64KB RAM, covering most wearable device MCUs. The second is the CC2541 low-power Bluetooth solution and the comprehensive NFC product line to achieve low-power wireless connectivity. The third is a highly integrated analog front end. The second is a complete system level solution. At present, TI's wearable devices and Health Hub demonstration products can measure heart rate, blood oxygen and other functions, and are suitable for health care and sports related fields.
Qian Zhijun, Sales Director of Broadcom China
Wireless charging technology accelerates industry change
The ability of the wearable market to take off requires low-power, location-aware, and interconnectable devices wherever and whenever they are needed. The ability to connect these products to smart devices is critical because it not only provides data collection. The window also acts as a central hub for sending this data to the cloud. Smartphones and tablets use wireless technology to send and receive this data, which can greatly reduce the data processing needs of wearable devices and the need for power consumption. In turn, the corresponding costs are reduced for manufacturers and consumers.
In addition, wireless charging technology represents a huge opportunity for wearable devices. Whether placing the device on a charging tray or collecting RF energy, the ability to quickly charge the device from the surrounding environment will have a significant positive effect on the development of these devices. Wireless power transmission and energy harvesting will drive the transformation of the entire industry.
Shi Jingyan, Senior Marketing Director, Portable Devices and Computing Products Division, Greater China, NXP Semiconductors
NFC will play a key role
Power consumption, battery life, ultra-low-power semiconductors for connectivity, and sensors are all factors that hinder the growth of the wearable device market. These areas will be the focus of innovation.
Due to its advanced processing power, low power consumption and ease of use, the ARM core's microcontroller seems to be at the heart of the wearable revolution and the only core that can be used. For wireless connectivity we can see multiple options, including BTLE, Zigbee or other mesh network protocols and NFC. From the perspective of low-power communication and security, we believe that NFC will play a key role in wearable devices. In general, connectivity is application dependent. But for the safe interaction of wearable devices, we foresee the great potential of NFC and security components. At present, the demand for MEM-like motion and position sensors dominates.
Wang Hua, Senior Manager, Roma Semiconductor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Committed to a one-stop solution
For wearable devices, ROHM offers a variety of solutions. Taking a smart watch (wristlet) as an example, ROHM can provide the industry's top low-power MCU and Bluetooth low-power (BLE) solutions, coupled with Kionix (ROHM subsidiary) MEMS sensors, which are widely used on smartphones, and ROHM's infrared and visible light sensors. ROHM can provide the overall Turn-key solution and is currently a very good application in the brand watch/bracelet that has been introduced in the industry. In addition, ROHM's ultra-small discrete devices will make a significant contribution to the growing market for wearable devices, with new technology and new technologies to achieve the world's smallest size RASMIDTM series.
LAPIS (a subsidiary of ROHM) introduces ultra-low-power MCUs based on a unique U8 core or ARM core, and provides data fusion algorithms based on multiple sensors to provide customers with a complete application solution.
Raman Sharma, Marketing Director, Silicon Labs Americas
Energy-saving 32-bit MCU meets demand
Silicon Labs offers the industry's most energy-efficient 32-bit MCUs, making them ideal for power-sensitive, battery-powered wearable applications. Silicon Labs' EFM32 Gecko MCUs deliver industry-leading energy efficiency, long battery life, excellent processing performance and a highly integrated small package. The Gecko MCU's low-power sensor interface (LESENSE) and Peripheral Reflection System (PRS) are attractive for wearable devices with ultra-low power loads. The LESENSE interface collects and processes sensor data even when the MCU is in Deep Sleep mode, which allows the MCU to remain in low power mode for long periods of time while tracking sensor status and events. The PRS monitors complex system-level events and allows autonomous communication between different MCU peripherals while keeping the CPU in power-saving sleep mode for as long as possible.
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