Recently, Lv Jiancheng and Yu Xuefeng, researchers of the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Chen Xianfeng, a professor at the University of Bangor in the United Kingdom, have successfully developed the first black phosphorus-based optical fiber chemical sensor to achieve ultra-sensitive detection of heavy metal ions.
Tilted fiber grating is a new type of fiber optic device. The high-angle tilting grating structure can couple the core optical fundamental mode forward to the fiber cladding, forming a series of discrete resonant peaks at specific wavelengths. The coupling of light will follow the outside world. The change in the refractive index of the medium or the like changes. Therefore, tilted fiber gratings are well suited as photonic devices for sensing applications. Black phosphorus is a kind of direct bandgap two-dimensional semiconductor material that has attracted much attention in recent years. It has a unique two-dimensional planar structure, ultra-high specific surface area, numerous active sites, and a broad spectral response range from visible to infrared. It has shown great application prospects in optical inspection.
In this study, the research team combined black phosphorus and tilted fiber grating for the first time, revealing the unique optical modulation of the black phosphorus nano-layer. With the unique optical structure of the tilted grating, a novel ultra-sensitive chemical sensor was constructed. In this study, an in-situ lamination modification technique was developed to attach black phosphorus nanosheets to the surface of fiber optic devices efficiently. Black phosphorus nanolayers of different thickness exhibited unique modulation of optical signals. Using this property, the black phosphorus fiber sensor is capable of detecting heavy metal lead ions at sub-ppb concentration levels, with ultra-high sensitivity, ultra-low detection limits, and a wide concentration detection range. The successful development of the new black phosphorus fiber sensor will provide a superior optical detection platform for chemical and biological sensing, thus promoting the application research process of black phosphorus chemical biosensor.
Related research results are published in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the EU's Seventh Framework Programme.
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